Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries write by Stefan Posner. This book was released on 2013-06-19. Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA. The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information; 2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1); 3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2); There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.
PFASs in the Nordic environment
PFASs in the Nordic environment - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook PFASs in the Nordic environment write by Anna Kärrman. This book was released on 2019-03-15. PFASs in the Nordic environment available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
The cost of inaction
The cost of inaction - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The cost of inaction write by Gretta Goldenman. This book was released on 2019-03-17. The cost of inaction available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. PFAS (per and polyfluoroalkylsubstances) are known to be extremely difficult to degrade in the environment and to be bioaccumulative and toxic. Exposure to PFAS is suspected to increase the risk of adverse health effects, such as impacts on the thyroid gland, the liver, fat metabolism and the immune system. This study estimates the socioeconomic costs that may result from impacts on human health and the environment from the use of PFAS. Better awareness of the costs and problems associated with PFAS exposure will assist decision-makers and the general public to make more efficient and timely risk management decisions. Findings indicate that the costs are substantial, with annual health-related costs estimated to 2.8 – 4.6 billion EUR for the Nordic countries and 52 – 84 billion EUR for all EEA countries. Overall non-health costs are estimated at 46 million – 11 billion EUR for the Nordic countries.Upon request the excel spreadsheets used for the monetarisation and valuation in this report can also be provided along with a guidance on how to use the estimation of costs for value transfer. Please contact any of the consultants or members of the steering group from the Swedish Chemicals Agency or the Danish Environmental Protection Agency if you are interested in receiving these excel spreadsheets.
Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances write by Jamie C. DeWitt. This book was released on 2015-04-14. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book serves as a timely and comprehensive overview of the latest science for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), covering the development of methods for assessing PFASs in biological fluids and tissues as well as the current knowledge regarding their toxicity to vertebrate organisms. This book includes chapters on human and wildlife exposure/body burdens, reviews of metabolism and toxicological effects by organ system/developmental stage and aspects of PFAS toxicity that are driving PFAS research and regulatory oversight. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances provide critical assessments of the most controversial topics surrounding toxicological evaluation of PFASs to give readers an expert perspective on the issues. Emphasis is placed on the integration of modes and mechanisms of action with functional endpoints that are relevant to human and wildlife health. This book will be a useful resource for toxicologists, environmental chemists, risk assessors and researchers with an interest in the class of compounds known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances in the Nordic Countries
Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances in the Nordic Countries - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances in the Nordic Countries write by . This book was released on 2013. Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances in the Nordic Countries available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Background -- Introduction -- Introduction to fluoro-chemistry -- Methodology and limitations -- Mapping of use of per- and polyfluorinated substances on the Nordic market -- Mapping of uses and applications of PFCs on the Nordic market -- Occurrence of per- and polyfluorinated substances -- Human health effects and related animal toxicity of perand polyfluorinated substances -- Environmental effects of per- and polyfluorinated substances -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- List of abbreviations and acronyms -- Illustration of mapping of SPIN- and preregistered chemicals -- List of contacted companies/institutions -- Commercial PFC products and brands on the market -- Data contributions to "Mapping of uses and applications of PFCs on the Nordic market"--Data contributions of PFCA and PFSA in food and drinking water
