Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments write by Juan Carlos Duran-Alvarez. This book was released on 2021-06-23. Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments: Occurrence, Effects, and Challenges in a Changing World is divided into three sections that address a) coastal areas as the main entrance of pharmaceuticals into the ocean, b) the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the environmental compartments of the ocean media, and c) the effects that such pollutants may cause to the exposed marine organisms. With its comprehensive discussions, the book provides a wide depiction of the current state-of-the-art on these topics in an effort to open new sources of investigation and find suitable solutions. Includes maps edited by the Water Information Network System of the International Hydrological Program (IHP-WINS) Provides a compilation of information regarding the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment which will help establish new and more efficient monitoring programs and new research lines Depicts the most important results of environmental risk assessments that can be used as a first step for further toxicological studies
Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment of the Baltic Sea region
Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment of the Baltic Sea region - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment of the Baltic Sea region write by Vieno, Niina. This book was released on 2017-09-25. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment of the Baltic Sea region available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems write by . This book was released on 2021. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Anthropogenic pollution poses a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems worldwide. Common chemical pollutants that enter the marine environment include legacy contaminants, which are well known and heavily regulated or banned pollutants, and emerging contaminants, which are more recently recognized as pollutants and often lack regulatory limits for their use and discharge. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is a major source of various contaminants of concern, particularly pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) that are not fully removed during treatment. PPCPs exist at low concentrations in the environment and may have unknown and subtle effects on marine life. Data gaps exist on occurrence, effects, and remediation options, especially in coastal areas with low surrounding populations. Additionally, few studies focus on environmentally relevant conditions and organism, population and ecosystem level impacts. The overarching goal of my dissertation research is to examine unexplored aspects of PPCP occurrence, effects, and pollution reduction in the Pacific Northwest. Through a field experiment, I compared PPCP accumulation in and health of Pacific oysters transplanted near WWTP outfalls and aquaculture areas in OR and WA. I also examined small-scale spatial variation in PPCP occurrence and effects along a pollution gradient near those outfalls. To identify organismal effects of PPCP mixtures on oysters, I designed and carried out a lab experiment exposing oysters to environmentally relevant concentrations of effluent from two OR coastal WWTPs. I measured growth, health, and feeding rate over a 12-week exposure period. I also compared PPCP detections and concentrations in effluent from both WWTPs and oyster tissues after effluent exposure. Lastly, I explored a potential opportunity for reducing pharmaceutical pollution with improved drug disposal practices through use and establishment of drug take-back boxes in pharmacies. I conducted surveys with pharmacy customers, interviews with pharmacists, and a focus group with other pharmacy professionals regarding drug disposal behaviors, recommendations, and obstacles. In the field experiment, two pharmaceuticals (miconazole and virginiamycin M1) and four alkylphenols (NP1EO, NP2EO, NP and OP) were detected at low concentrations relative to other studies. Alkylphenols and virginiamycin were detected at one oyster aquaculture site indicating potential for human exposure. Oyster condition was highest at one aquaculture site, compared to other aquaculture and wastewater sites. During the 12-week lab experiment, effluent exposure had some effects on oyster growth and feeding rate, but concentration level (10%, 25%, 50%) did not drive these differences. Three alkylphenols and 30 PPCPs were detected in effluent, and four alkylphenols and 13 PPCPs were detected in oyster tissues. Despite the lack of effects observed, oysters accumulated several PPCPs in their tissues. Through customer surveys I found awareness and use of drug take-back boxes was low, but marginally improved at locations with an onsite dropbox. Pharmacist recommendations at locations with drug take-back boxes were more consistent and safe compared to locations without dropboxes. Focus group participants emphasized the importance of increasing drug take-back box locations in OR through legislative action to address improper disposal. This research fills important data gaps on PPCP occurrence in WWTP effluent and accumulation in shellfish, organismal effects of PPCP mixtures, and possible pollution reduction options.
Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment
Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment write by Janine M. H. Selendy. This book was released on 2019-02-06. Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions. Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Marine and Coastal Protected Areas write by Rodney V. Salm. This book was released on 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This is a new edition of the classic textbook on marine protected area (MPA) management in the tropics, originally produced as an output of the Bali World Parks Congress in 1982. Approaches to planning and managing MPAs have evolved considerably. Major advances include innovative financing mechanisms, partnerships with the private sector and NGOs, and collaborative management between government and coastal communities. These advances have brought new approaches for MPA establishment and management that are more participatory, involving communities through interaction and collaboration rather than prescription. With new case studies and illustrations, the guide comes in a water-resistant cover for field use. It is intended for those who plan individual and/or national MPA systems and gives philosophical context for MPAs along with some basic principles and approaches.
