Polyacrylamide for Turbidity Control in Runoff - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Polyacrylamide for Turbidity Control in Runoff write by Nathanael Bartholomew. This book was released on 2003. Polyacrylamide for Turbidity Control in Runoff available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Keywords: sediment, polyacrylamide, flocculation, erosion, soil suspension.
Polyacrylamide For Turbidity Control in Runoff: Effects of Polyacrylamide, Soil, and Solution Properties
Polyacrylamide For Turbidity Control in Runoff: Effects of Polyacrylamide, Soil, and Solution Properties - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Polyacrylamide For Turbidity Control in Runoff: Effects of Polyacrylamide, Soil, and Solution Properties write by . This book was released on 2003. Polyacrylamide For Turbidity Control in Runoff: Effects of Polyacrylamide, Soil, and Solution Properties available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Eroded soil discharged from construction sites is a major water quality issue. North Carolina regulations require that the turbidity of discharged waters from construction sites to non-trout streams or reservoirs not exceed 50 nephelometer turbidity units (NTU) and 10 NTU in trout waters. Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been demonstrated to reduce erosion and turbidity in runoff, but there is little information on the interactions between PAM properties and that of the water or suspended solids. Our study tested eight PAM products (Cytec Superfloc A100, A110, A150, N300, 1606; Ciba Soilfix Polybead; Applied Polymer Systems 705; Chemtall 923VHM) at concentrations from 0 to 10 mg L-1 for turbidity reduction in suspensions of 13 soils from active construction sites around North Carolina. For five soil suspensions, with turbidities of up to 3000 NTU, PAM reduced turbidity to below 50 NTU in 30 s. In addition turbidity reductions to the 10 NTU level were observed for two soils. Overall, turbidity reductions of greater than 86% were achieved for all soils. Optimal PAM concentrations of soils tested were 1-2 mg L-1, with higher concentrations causing turbidity increases in some soils. Sediment properties drastically affected the response to PAM, which indicates the need to have site-specific recommendations for PAM use. Sediments with turbidity reductions below the 50 NTU standard had kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral (70-90%), a pH between 5-6, and very low organic matter. Soils from the Coastal Plain had poor turbidity reduction with most PAMs. APS705, which contains a mixture of polymers with different molecular weights and charge density, was the only polymer that effectively reduced turbidity in all Coastal Plain soils. An evaluation using combinations of low and high molecular weight PAM products to try and mimic APS705 effects gave limited turbidity reduction of Coastal Plain soil suspensions. Combined treatment of gypsum and PAM appears to have either positive or neg.
Field Implementation of Polyacrylamide for Runoff from Construction Sites
Field Implementation of Polyacrylamide for Runoff from Construction Sites - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Field Implementation of Polyacrylamide for Runoff from Construction Sites write by Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury. This book was released on 2011. Field Implementation of Polyacrylamide for Runoff from Construction Sites available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is often used a part of a treatment train for the treatment of stormwater to reduce its turbidity. This study investigated the application of PAM within various treatment systems for a construction site environment. The general concept is to introduce hydraulic principles when placing PAM blocks within an open channel in order to yield high mixing energies leading to high turbidity removal efficiency. The first part of the study observed energy variation using a hydraulic flume for three dissimilar configurations. The flume was ultimately used to determine which configuration would be most beneficial when transposed into field-scale conditions. Three different configurations were tested in the flume, namely, the Jump configuration, Dispersion configuration and the Staggered configuration. The field-scale testing served as both justification of the findings within the controlled hydraulic flume and comprehension of the elements introduced within the field when attempting to reduce the turbidity of stormwater. As a result, the Dispersion configuration proved to be the most effective when removing turbidity and displayed a greater energy used for mixing within the open channel. Consequently, an analysis aid is developed based on calculations from the results of this study to better serve the sediment control industry when implementing PAM blocks within a treatment system. Recommendations are made for modification and future applications of the research conducted. This innovative approach has great potential for expansion and future applications. Continued research on this topic can expand on key elements such as solubility of the PAM, toxicity of the configuration within the field, and additional configurations that may yield more advantageous energy throughout the open channel.
A Systematic Evaluation of Polyacrylamide for Sediment and Turbidity Control
A Systematic Evaluation of Polyacrylamide for Sediment and Turbidity Control - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Systematic Evaluation of Polyacrylamide for Sediment and Turbidity Control write by Richard Allen McLaughlin. This book was released on 2004. A Systematic Evaluation of Polyacrylamide for Sediment and Turbidity Control available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Polyacrylamide Use for Erosion and Turbidity Control on Construction Sites
Polyacrylamide Use for Erosion and Turbidity Control on Construction Sites - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Polyacrylamide Use for Erosion and Turbidity Control on Construction Sites write by . This book was released on 2003. Polyacrylamide Use for Erosion and Turbidity Control on Construction Sites available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Sediment is the most widespread pollutant of streams and rivers in North Carolina. Construction sites are a source of accelerated erosion contributing to the sediment problem. This study was conducted to determine if the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) to soil surfaces on construction sites reduces erosion and turbidity. Polyacrylamide has been demonstrated to greatly reduce erosion in furrow irrigation, and there is limited evidence it controls erosion when applied to bare soil. Two PAM products applied at manufacturers recommended rates (11.2 and 1.68 kg ha-1) and one half the recommended rates (5.6 and 0.84 kg ha-1) with and without grass seeding and mulching were tested on three North Carolina Department of Transportation construction sites in Raleigh and near Fayetteville. Runoff volumes, turbidity levels, and eroded sediment data were collected after natural rain events. On a 2:1 cut slope, turbidity and sediment loss were significantly decreased with application of seed/mulch. Erosion rates were 20 times greater on bare soil after seven rain events, with or without PAM, compared to treatments receiving seed/mulch. Polyacrylamide applied with seed/mulch produced slight reductions in turbidity and sediment loss in early rain events. At the higher rate, PAM applied directly on a more moderate, 4:1 fill slope decreased sediment loss and turbidity in the first few rain events following application compared to bare soil, with decreases diminishing over time. A sandy fill slope had inconsistent results between PAM treatments but reductions in turbidity and sediment from seed/mulch applications.
