Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2015-04-13. Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. On October 17, 2014, spurred by incidents at U.S. government laboratories that raised serious biosafety concerns, the United States government launched a one-year deliberative process to address the continuing controversy surrounding so-called "gain-of-function" (GOF) research on respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. The gain of function controversy began in late 2011 with the question of whether to publish the results of two experiments involving H5N1 avian influenza and continued to focus on certain research with highly pathogenic avian influenza over the next three years. The heart of the U.S. process is an evaluation of the potential risks and benefits of certain types of GOF experiments with influenza, SARS, and MERS viruses that would inform the development and adoption of a new U.S. Government policy governing the funding and conduct of GOF research. Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research is the summary of a two-day public symposia on GOF research. Convened in December 2014 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, the main focus of this event was to discuss principles important for, and key considerations in, the design of risk and benefit assessments of GOF research. Participants examined the underlying scientific and technical questions that are the source of current discussion and debate over GOF research involving pathogens with pandemic potential. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the meeting.
Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences
Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2017-10-01. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.
Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism
Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2004-03-02. Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In recent years much has happened to justify an examination of biological research in light of national security concerns. The destructive application of biotechnology research includes activities such as spreading common pathogens or transforming them into even more lethal forms. Policymakers and the scientific community at large must put forth a vigorous and immediate response to this challenge. This new book by the National Research Council recommends that the government expand existing regulations and rely on self-governance by scientists rather than adopt intrusive new policies. One key recommendation of the report is that the government should not attempt to regulate scientific publishing but should trust scientists and journals to screen their papers for security risks, a task some journals have already taken up. With biological information and tools widely distributed, regulating only U.S. researchers would have little effect. A new International Forum on Biosecurity should encourage the adoption of similar measures around the world. Seven types of risky studies would require approval by the Institutional Biosafety Committees that already oversee recombinant DNA research at some 400 U.S. institutions. These "experiments of concern" include making an infectious agent more lethal and rendering vaccines powerless.
Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research write by National Research Council. This book was released on 1988-02-01. Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children
Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children write by Institute of Medicine. This book was released on 2004-07-09. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular.
