Precedents in the Mountains - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Precedents in the Mountains write by Rein Müllerson. This book was released on 2010. Precedents in the Mountains available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. International law, especially its customary part, evolves to a great extent through acts of State practice serving as precedents. If States do not want that their behaviour becomes law (i.e. if they prefer to act contrary to Kant's categorical imperative), they claim that certain acts of their behaviour are so unique, so peculiar that they must not be considered as contributing to the change of law (they express their opinio non juris). In the 1990s, the UN Security Council also found that only uniqueness of situations in Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia-Herzegovina justified the use of ldquo;all necessary meansrdquo; to deal with those situations. More recently, the recognition of the independence of Kosovo by a number of States and the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia were described by recognizing States as being so unique, so sui generis that they could not serve as precedents. The article argues that the uniqueness, or parallels for that matter, is usually in the eye of the beholder. Whether certain situations, facts or acts serve as precedents depends to a great extent on whether one is interested in seeing them as precedents or not. People too often act upon their ideologies, beliefs and prejudices, not upon facts; the latter are interpreted in the light of preconceived ideas, or as Charles King, writing of the Georgia-Russian war, observes, ldquo;unfortunately, Western thinking of Russia has too often substituted analogy for analysisrdquo; (ldquo;Putin's March to the Seardquo;, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6, November-December 2008). Then this article proceeds to study in greater detail parallels and differences between Kosovo, on the one hand, and Abkhazia and South Ossetia, on the other. The study ends with an inquest into the matter of how different States (or categories of States) deal with secessionist problems.
The Third Dimension
The Third Dimension - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Third Dimension write by Jon Mathieu. This book was released on 2013-09-16. The Third Dimension available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A pioneering examination of the three-dimensionality of the earth from the perspective of history and the humanities. This book considers the variegated world of mountains and their development during the last 500 years. It takes as its starting point the United Nations environmental conference of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, where the mountains were officially recognised as a topic of the world community. Important precedents for this new agenda were built in the early modern period and in the nineteenth century, as European societies began to exceed their traditional limitations. The book begins with an investigation of this long-term process with respect to science, culture and politics, each of which has transformed our attitudes toward mountainous regions. It then takes up historical problems that have been debated in the latest research, placing them in a comparative framework. At the book's heart stands the question of whether and in what way the 'three-dimensional history' of mountain people may reveal distinctive forms of development.
The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court
The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court write by Thomas G. Hansford. This book was released on 2018-06-05. The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court offers an insightful and provocative analysis of the Supreme Court's most important task--shaping the law. Thomas Hansford and James Spriggs analyze a key aspect of legal change: the Court's interpretation or treatment of the precedents it has set in the past. Court decisions do not just resolve immediate disputes; they also set broader precedent. The meaning and scope of a precedent, however, can change significantly as the Court revisits it in future cases. The authors contend that these interpretations are driven by an interaction between policy goals and variations in the legal authoritativeness of precedent. From this premise, they build an explanation of the legal interpretation of precedent that yields novel predictions about the nature and timing of legal change. Hansford and Spriggs test their hypotheses by examining how the Court has interpreted the precedents it set between 1946 and 1999. This analysis provides compelling support for their argument, and demonstrates that the justices' ideological goals and the role of precedent are inextricably linked. The two prevailing, yet contradictory, views of precedent--that it acts either solely as a constraint, or as a "cloak" that never actually influences the Court--are incorrect. This book shows that while precedent can operate as a constraint on the justices' decisions, it also represents an opportunity to foster preferred societal outcomes.
Mountain Dialogues from Antiquity to Modernity
Mountain Dialogues from Antiquity to Modernity - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Mountain Dialogues from Antiquity to Modernity write by Dawn Hollis. This book was released on 2021-05-06. Mountain Dialogues from Antiquity to Modernity available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Throughout the longue dureé of Western culture, how have people represented mountains as landscapes of the imagination and as places of real experience? In what ways has human understanding of mountains changed – or stayed the same? Mountain Dialogues from Antiquity to Modernity opens up a new conversation between ancient and modern engagements with mountains. It highlights the ongoing relevance of ancient understandings of mountain environments to the postclassical and present-day world, while also suggesting ways in which modern approaches to landscape can generate new questions about premodern responses. It brings together experts from across many different disciplines and periods, offering case studies on topics ranging from classical Greek drama to Renaissance art, and from early modern natural philosophy to nineteenth-century travel writing. Throughout, essays engage with key themes of temporality, knowledge, identity, and experience in the mountain landscape. As a whole, the volume suggests that modern responses to mountains participate in rhetorical and experiential patterns that stretch right back to the ancient Mediterranean. It also makes the case for collaborative, cross-period research as a route both for understanding human relations with the natural world in the past, and informing them in the present.
Managing the Mountains
Managing the Mountains - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Managing the Mountains write by Sara M. Gregg. This book was released on 2010-11-23. Managing the Mountains available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Historians have long viewed the massive reshaping of the American landscape during the New Deal era as unprecedented. This book uncovers the early twentieth-century history rich with precedents for the New Deal in forest, park, and agricultural policy. Sara M. Gregg explores the redevelopment of the Appalachian Mountains from the 1910s through the 1930s, finding in this region a changing paradigm of land use planning that laid the groundwork for the national New Deal. Through an intensive analysis of federal planning in Virginia and Vermont, Gregg contextualizes the expansion of the federal government through land use planning and highlights the deep intellectual roots of federal conservation policy.
