Pricing and Price Regulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pricing and Price Regulation write by D. Bös. This book was released on 2015-12-04. Pricing and Price Regulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This clear, precisely written text presents an important branch of the modern, micro-economically based theory of industrial organization and of public finance, utilizing calculus only. Answers are provided to some pertinent economic questions, such as the pricing policies of vote-seeking politicians, of empire-building bureaucrats and of out-put-maximizing and energy-saving public utilities. These policies are compared with the welfare economic benchmark rules e.g. on marginal cost pricing and Ramsey pricing. Great significance is attached to price regulation. The book elucidates the recent replacement of rate of return regulation by price-cap regulation. It also explains why many simple rules like yardstick regulation fail to achieve optimal prices, which shows how complicated it is to induce managers to truthfully reveal their private information. How this can be achieved properly is shown in various principal-agent models on regulation with uncertain costs, uncertain demand and with soft budget constraints.
Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage
Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage write by Barber Sarah L. This book was released on 2019-06-26. Price Setting and Price Regulation in Health Care Lessons for Advancing Universal Health Coverage available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The objectives of this study are to describe experiences in price setting and how pricing has been used to attain better coverage, quality, financial protection, and health outcomes. It builds on newly commissioned case studies and lessons learned in calculating prices, negotiating with providers, and monitoring changes. Recognising that no single model is applicable to all settings, the study aimed to generate best practices and identify areas for future research, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The report and the case studies were jointly developed by the OECD and the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe (Japan).
WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies
WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies write by . This book was released on 2020-09-29. WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems' ability to provide population-wide access to essential medicines. Pharmaceutical pricing policies need to be carefully planned, carried out, and regularly checked and revised according to changing conditions. Strong, well-thought-out policies can guide well-informed and balanced decisions to achieve affordable access to essential health products. This guideline replaces the 2015 WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies, revised to reflect the growing body of literature since the last evidence review in 2010. This update also recognizes country experiences in managing the prices of pharmaceutical products.
Pricing and Price Regulation in a Customer-Owned Monopoly
Pricing and Price Regulation in a Customer-Owned Monopoly - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pricing and Price Regulation in a Customer-Owned Monopoly write by Nicola Doni. This book was released on 2014. Pricing and Price Regulation in a Customer-Owned Monopoly available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the first part of the paper we study the pricing policies of a customer-owned firm in the absence of external regulation. The profit-sharing rule is a key element of the price choice and our analysis focuses on the two most common ones, uniform and proportional. The main result is that the self-discipline effect generally ensures the dominance of customer-ownership over investor-ownership in welfare terms, though under neither rule it is enough to attain the first-best in equilibrium. Then, customer-owned firms, like forprofit ones, need some external price regulation. In the second part we address this topic. We show first that the optimal regulatory policies for investor-owned service providers are not optimal for customerowned ones, and hence price regulation is affected by the ownership mode. Another factor that is shown to condition the effectiveness of regulation is the sharing rule. The paper closes with a few results on the optimal regulatory design for customer-owned firms.
Making Medicines Affordable
Making Medicines Affordable - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Making Medicines Affordable write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2018-03-01. Making Medicines Affordable available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
