Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 write by Beth Tompkins Bates. This book was released on 2003-01-14. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Between World War I and World War II, African Americans' quest for civil rights took on a more aggressive character as a new group of black activists challenged the politics of civility traditionally embraced by old-guard leaders in favor of a more forceful protest strategy. Beth Tompkins Bates traces the rise of this new protest politics--which was grounded in making demands and backing them up with collective action--by focusing on the struggle of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) to form a union in Chicago, headquarters of the Pullman Company. Bates shows how the BSCP overcame initial opposition from most of Chicago's black leaders by linking its union message with the broader social movement for racial equality. As members of BSCP protest networks mobilized the black community around the quest for manhood rights and economic freedom, they broke down resistance to organized labor even as they expanded the boundaries of citizenship to include equal economic opportunity. By the mid-1930s, BSCP protest networks gained platforms at the national level, fusing Brotherhood activities first with those of the National Negro Congress and later with the March on Washington Movement. Lessons learned during this era guided the next generation of activists, who carried the black freedom struggle forward after World War II.
Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945
Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 write by Beth Tompkins Bates. This book was released on 2001. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Rising from the Rails
Rising from the Rails - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Rising from the Rails write by Larry Tye. This book was released on 2005-06-01. Rising from the Rails available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "A valuable window into a long-underreported dimension of African American history."—Newsday An engaging social history that reveals the critical role Pullman porters played in the struggle for African American civil rights When George Pullman began recruiting Southern blacks as porters in his luxurious new sleeping cars, the former slaves suffering under Jim Crow laws found his offer of a steady job and worldly experience irresistible. They quickly signed up to serve as maid, waiter, concierge, nanny, and occasionally doctor and undertaker to cars full of white passengers, making the Pullman Company the largest employer of African American men in the country by the 1920s. In the world of the Pullman sleeping car, where whites and blacks lived in close proximity, porters developed a unique culture marked by idiosyncratic language, railroad lore, and shared experience. They called difficult passengers "Mister Charlie"; exchanged stories about Daddy Jim, the legendary first Pullman porter; and learned to distinguish generous tippers such as Humphrey Bogart from skinflints like Babe Ruth. At the same time, they played important social, political, and economic roles, carrying jazz and blues to outlying areas, forming America's first black trade union, and acting as forerunners of the modern black middle class by virtue of their social position and income. Drawing on extensive interviews with dozens of porters and their descendants, Larry Tye reconstructs the complicated world of the Pullman porter and the vital cultural, political, and economic roles they played as forerunners of the modern black middle class. Rising from the Rails provides a lively and enlightening look at this important social phenomenon. • Named a Recommended Book by The Boston Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, and The Seattle Times
North of the Color Line
North of the Color Line - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook North of the Color Line write by Sarah-Jane Mathieu. This book was released on 2010-11-29. North of the Color Line available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. North of the Color Line examines life in Canada for the estimated 5,000 blacks, both African Americans and West Indians, who immigrated to Canada after the end of Reconstruction in the United States. Through the experiences of black railway workers and their union, the Order of Sleeping Car Porters, Sarah-Jane Mathieu connects social, political, labor, immigration, and black diaspora history during the Jim Crow era. By World War I, sleeping car portering had become the exclusive province of black men. White railwaymen protested the presence of the black workers and insisted on a segregated workforce. Using the firsthand accounts of former sleeping car porters, Mathieu shows that porters often found themselves leading racial uplift organizations, galvanizing their communities, and becoming the bedrock of civil rights activism. Examining the spread of segregation laws and practices in Canada, whose citizens often imagined themselves as devoid of racism, Mathieu historicizes Canadian racial attitudes, and explores how black migrants brought their own sensibilities about race to Canada, participating in and changing political discourse there.
The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford
The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford write by Beth Tompkins Bates. This book was released on 2012-09-24. The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the 1920s, Henry Ford hired thousands of African American men for his open-shop system of auto manufacturing. This move was a rejection of the notion that better jobs were for white men only. In The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford, Beth Tompkins Bates explains how black Detroiters, newly arrived from the South, seized the economic opportunities offered by Ford in the hope of gaining greater economic security. As these workers came to realize that Ford's anti-union "American Plan" did not allow them full access to the American Dream, their loyalty eroded, and they sought empowerment by pursuing a broad activist agenda. This, in turn, led them to play a pivotal role in the United Auto Workers' challenge to Ford's interests. In order to fully understand this complex shift, Bates traces allegiances among Detroit's African American community as reflected in its opposition to the Ku Klux Klan, challenges to unfair housing practices, and demands for increased and effective political participation. This groundbreaking history demonstrates how by World War II Henry Ford and his company had helped kindle the civil rights movement in Detroit without intending to do so.
