Racial Identity, Ethnic Identity, and the Link Between Perceived Racism and Psychological Distress in African and Afro-Caribbean Blacks - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Racial Identity, Ethnic Identity, and the Link Between Perceived Racism and Psychological Distress in African and Afro-Caribbean Blacks write by Olufunke Rachael Awosogba. This book was released on 2013. Racial Identity, Ethnic Identity, and the Link Between Perceived Racism and Psychological Distress in African and Afro-Caribbean Blacks available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Numerous studies confirm the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress. Scholars have incorporated group identification to understand this relationship among Black Americans; however, there is a dearth in the literature on other Black ethnic groups. The influx of African and Afro-Caribbean immigrants continues to change the demography of Black America. Despite being racially categorized as Black, these groups have different social and cultural experiences, which influence self-concept and psychological functioning. The proposed study seeks to examine moderation effects of racial identity and ethnic identity in relation to perceived racism and psychological distress in African and Afro-Caribbean Blacks.
Microaggressions and Marginality
Microaggressions and Marginality - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Microaggressions and Marginality write by Derald Wing Sue. This book was released on 2010-07-26. Microaggressions and Marginality available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A landmark volume exploring covert bias, prejudice, and discrimination with hopeful solutions for their eventual dissolution Exploring the psychological dynamics of unconscious and unintentional expressions of bias and prejudice toward socially devalued groups, Microaggressions and Marginality: Manifestation, Dynamics, and Impact takes an unflinching look at the numerous manifestations of these subtle biases. It thoroughly deals with the harm engendered by everyday prejudice and discrimination, as well as the concept of microaggressions beyond that of race and expressions of racism. Edited by a nationally renowned expert in the field of multicultural counseling and ethnic and minority issues, this book features contributions by notable experts presenting original research and scholarly works on a broad spectrum of groups in our society who have traditionally been marginalized and disempowered. The definitive source on this topic, Microaggressions and Marginality features: In-depth chapters on microaggressions towards racial/ethnic, international/cultural, gender, LGBT, religious, social, and disabled groups Chapters on racial/ethnic microaggressions devoted to specific populations including African Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, indigenous populations, and biracial/multiracial people A look at what society must do if it is to reduce prejudice and discrimination directed at these groups Discussion of the common dynamics of covert and unintentional biases Coping strategies enabling targets to survive such onslaughts Timely and thought-provoking, Microaggressions and Marginality is essential reading for any professional dealing with diversity at any level, offering guidance for facing and opposing microaggressions in today's society.
Discrimination, Group Identity, and Mental Health
Discrimination, Group Identity, and Mental Health - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Discrimination, Group Identity, and Mental Health write by Aya Kimura. This book was released on 2008. Discrimination, Group Identity, and Mental Health available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The major aim of this dissertation was to investigate the mechanisms through which psychosocial factors (i.e., group identity, self-esteem, mastery, and social support) reduce the deleterious impact of discrimination on the mental health outcomes of racial and ethnic minorities. Based on the stress process model and risk/protective and protective/protective paradigms, this work explored whether and how racial and ethnic group identity (conceptualized as a psychosocial resource) helps minority group members combat the detrimental effects of perceived discrimination on mental health. For this project, data were analyzed from the National Survey of American Life (N=3,006 African Americans; 1,190 Afro-Caribbean Americans; and 491 non-Hispanic European Americans). Consistent with prior studies, the findings showed a positive relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. Additionally, results indicated that despite higher levels of discrimination and other types of disadvantages reported, racial minorities were able to maintain unexpectedly favorable mental health status, compared to their European American counterparts. With respect to race- and ethnicity-specific findings, the mental health of Caribbean Americans was protected by self-esteem, mastery, and social support in the face of day-to-day discrimination. The pattern differed for European Americans, whose mental health was more protected by self-esteem, and African Americans, whose mental health was protected by mastery. In terms of the role of racial and ethnic group identity, reported closeness to other blacks helped Caribbean Americans to deal with day-to-day discrimination and African Americans to cope with major lifetime discrimination. Alternatively, the evaluative aspect (i.e. positive evaluation of other blacks) of group identity minimized the effect of day-to-day discrimination on depressive symptoms for both Caribbean and African Americans, while the evaluative aspect only helped Caribbean Americans in dealing with major lifetime discrimination. These racial and ethnic variations in the processes through which psychosocial resources protected mental health highlights the importance of paying closer attention to the diversity both across and within racial and ethnic groups.
Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans
Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans write by Morgan Hurst. This book was released on 2012. Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity Status and Race-related Stress in African Americans available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Race-related stress has been found to impact the mental health of African Americans in literature. Three manuscripts were developed for this dissertation. The first is a critical literature review identifying the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health, and the current research addressing this problem is presented. Second, a quantitative study looking at what type of coping mechanisms African Americans use when dealing with race-related stress and how racial identity statuses impact these coping mechanisms?; The third manuscript addresses the research question, among the identified coping mechanisms, is there a relationship with psychological distress? The first manuscript is a critical literature review which discusses racism, race-related stress, and coping resources. The aim of the paper is to identify the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health and the current research addressing this problem. Initially, views of racism and race-related stress will be identified; theories for use of stress will be examined, and how racial identity status influences the perception of racism. In addition, individual strategies for coping with racism will be discussed, as well as major approaches to coping that have received sufficient research with regard to their effectiveness for mental and physical outcomes. The purpose of the first quantitative study was to examine the relationships among race-related stress, racial identity status, and coping resources in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated that avoidance coping and seeking social support predicted higher levels of race-related stress. Problem solving coping did not predict race-related stress. In addition, racial identity status (pre-encounter and immersion-emersion) predicted avoidance coping where racial identity status (internalization) predicted more problem solving coping behavior. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how racial identity status influence styles of coping in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed. The purpose of the second study was to examine the relationships between race-related stress, coping resources, and mental health in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated they were a predictor of psychological distress and well-being in African Americans. Specifically, the avoidance coping mechanism led to participants in the study experiencing more psychological distress when using this coping resource. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the results, which confirmed our hypothesis that mal-adaptive coping strategies predicted psychological distress. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how coping styles influence mental health in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed.
The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes
The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes write by Terrence Harper II. This book was released on 2014. The Impact of Racial Identity on Perceived Microaggressions, Racial Socialization and Psychological Outcomes available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The negative psychological consequences of racial prejudice and discrimination in the lives of African Americans have been well documented. Recently, researchers have investigated how racial identity status attitudes may influence the perception of discrimination (i.e., it has been suggested that racial identity may act as a buffer against experiencing negative affect as a consequence of exposure to racial discrimination). While this hypothesis has received increased attention in the literature of late, current studies testing said hypothesis have not examined this association by using the recent advances in the conceptualization of subtle discrimination (i.e., microaggressions). As such, the purpose of this study was to examine whether racial identity status attitudes moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination (quantified using the Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale) and psychological functioning. A secondary hypothesis was that racial identity would mediate the relationship between racial socialization and psychological functioning. The study recruited 153 African American participants from undergraduate psychology courses at a medium sized Midwestern university. We found that racial identity attitudes moderated the association between the experience of microaggressions and endorsing symptoms of general psychological distress. Additionally, racial identity was found to partially mediate the association between racial socialization and psychological functioning.
