Racial Identity, Perceived Discrimination and Health Behaviors Among Black Primary Care Patients who Use Substances - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Racial Identity, Perceived Discrimination and Health Behaviors Among Black Primary Care Patients who Use Substances write by Leah E. Squires. This book was released on 2013. Racial Identity, Perceived Discrimination and Health Behaviors Among Black Primary Care Patients who Use Substances available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Abstract: Blacks who use substances are at heightened risk for health problems. Although negative health outcomes are influenced by several factors related to drug use, these individuals also experience multiple sources of discrimination that may contribute to poor health. Previous work has identified associations between indices of perceived discrimination and health. However, there has been no research examining the relative influence of multiple sources of perceived discrimination on health risk behaviors of Blacks who use substances. The primary aim of this study was to examine how multiple types of discrimination and racial identity centrality contribute to the health risk behaviors of Blacks who use substances.A sample of 279 (203 Black) primary care patients who endorsed substance use completed measures of discrimination, racial identity and health risk behaviors. Outcomes of interest were hazardous drinking, smoking, unprotected sex and low physical activity. Two models were tested by logistic regression: (1) a direct effects model, which proposes unique predictive effects of racial identity centrality and discrimination indices on health risk behaviors, and (2) a buffering model, which proposes racial identity centrality moderates the association between perceived discrimination and health risk behavior.Analyses provided limited support for either model. Single variable effects were not observed. Two interactions were significant. Among those experiencing racial discrimination in health care settings, high centrality was protective against low physical activity. In contrast, among those reporting everyday discrimination, high centrality increased the likelihood of unprotected sex.The current study provided limited support for the hypothesis that perceived discrimination contributes to health risk behaviors among Blacks who use substances. Limited variability in discrimination ratings and health risk outcomes may have obscured the ability to detect main effects of discrimination. Given the number of other factors that contribute to health risk behaviors in this population, the perceived discrimination variables assessed may not have a significant impact on health risk behaviors. Examining these models among Black patients who are not substance users may yield different results. Future work on the influence of discrimination on health may benefit from exploring additional factors, such as stress, in multivariable models.
Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders
Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2016-09-03. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
Communities in Action
Communities in Action - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Communities in Action write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2017-04-27. Communities in Action available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health
The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health write by Brenda Major. This book was released on 2018. The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Stigma leads to poorer health. In The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health, leading scholars identify stigma mechanisms that operate at multiple levels to erode the health of stigmatized individuals and, collectively, produce health disparities. This book provides unique insights concerning the link between stigma and health across various types of stigma and groups.
Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Positive Health Behaviors Among African American Emerging Adults
Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Positive Health Behaviors Among African American Emerging Adults - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Positive Health Behaviors Among African American Emerging Adults write by Jamilia Raki Sly. This book was released on 2010. Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Positive Health Behaviors Among African American Emerging Adults available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Racial identity is an important factor in predicting health behaviors, especially among African Americans. The history of African Americans in the United States makes racial identity an important concept to study. Racial identity can be described as the degree to which a person feels connected to or shares commonalities with an ethnic racial group (Helms, 1990). African Americans fare much worse than other racial and ethnic minorities in the United States in many areas of health. The purpose of this project was to investigate the relationship between racial identity and health behaviors of African American adults aged 18-25 years old. Two hundred African American emerging adults (18-28 years old) (50% female) were recruited from a university campus and community arts festival to participate in the study. Results yielded three distinct identity profiles (multicultural, integrationist and marginalized). Race was a defining feature of identity for the integrationist cluster. The multicultural profile embraced blending with mainstream culture and other minority groups and the marginalized profile did not identify with any group or ideology. The three profiles were assessed for differences in health behaviors (i.e. substance use, mental health, exercise, number of sexual partners). The marginalized profile displayed lower positive affect, more cigarette smoking and more sexual partners in the past year than the other two profiles. Racial identity may be one way of assessing how participants view the world. The information about why they identify with a certain racial identity profile might help researchers tailor preventive interventions to reducing health disparities. Our findings, however, have shown that racial identity alone is not sufficient in explaining how or why people choose to engage in unhealthy behaviors.
