Role of Autophagy in Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Role of Autophagy in Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells write by Molly L. Bristol. This book was released on 2011. Role of Autophagy in Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In MCF-7 breast tumor cells, ionizing radiation promoted autophagy that was cytoprotective; pharmacological or genetic interference with autophagy induced by radiation resulted in growth suppression and/or cell killing (primarily by apoptosis). The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25D3, also promoted autophagy in irradiated MCF-7 cells, sensitized the cells to radiation and suppressed the proliferative recovery that occurs after radiation alone. 1,25D3 also enhanced radiosensitivity and promoted autophagy in MCF7 cells that overexpress Her-2/neu as well as in p53 mutant Hs578t breast tumor cells. In contrast, 1,25D3 failed to alter radiosensitivity or promote autophagy in the BT474 breast tumor cell line with low-level expression of the vitamin D receptor. Enhancement of MCF-7 cell sensitivity to radiation by 1,25D3 was not attenuated by either a pharmacological or genetic block to autophagy; this was due largely to the promotion of apoptosis via the suppression of protective autophagy that occurs in response to radiation alone. Moreover, pharmacological blockade of autophagy did not sensitize noncancerous MCF10a cells to radiation; conversely, 4T1 mouse mammary tumors were highly sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of autophagy, suggesting selective radiosensitization against cancer cell lines. The current studies are consistent with the premise that while autophagy mediates a cytoprotective function in irradiated breast tumor cells, promotion of autophagy can also confer radiosensitivity by vitamin D (1,25D3). In addition, this work highlights the technical challenge of establishing the potential cytotoxic function of autophagy in an experimental system where the cytoprotective function may be concurrently expressed.
Role of Autophagy in the Response of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells to Radiation
Role of Autophagy in the Response of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells to Radiation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Role of Autophagy in the Response of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells to Radiation write by Shweta Moreshwar Chakradeo. This book was released on 2012. Role of Autophagy in the Response of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells to Radiation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Breast cancer is the most commonly observed cancer type in women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Radiation can be used to debulk tumors prior to surgery as well as to treat patients after surgery and/or chemotherapy. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the anti -- malarial drug chloroquine sensitizes breast cancer cell lines to radiation by suppression of autophagy which is a conservative catabolic process that can be cytoprotective. The scientific literature has demonstrated that many tumor cell systems undergo cytoprotective autophagy and that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy leads to other modes of cell death such as apoptosis. Acridine orange staining was used for determination of acidic vacuole formation, an indication of autophagy and DAPI/TUNEL staining was used to identify apoptotic cells. Our studies in Hs578t breast tumor cells show the lack of sensitization by chloroquine upon autophagy inhibition with minimal apoptosis when cells are treated with 5 × 2Gy radiation. The extent of apoptosis was not increased upon autophagy inhibition by Chloroquine as determined by DAPI/TUNEL assays and quantified by Flow Cytometry using AnnexinV/PI. The potential role of senescence in the effects of radiation in the Hs578t cells was determined with the use of [beta]-Galactosidase dye staining for senescence. It appears from these studies that autophagy need not to be cytoprotective in all breast cancer cell lines. Additional studies are in progress to effort to identify the factors that might distinguish between cytoprotective and non-cytoprotective autophagy.
Autophagy
Autophagy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Autophagy write by David A. Gewirtz. This book was released on 2013-07-29. Autophagy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. There is currently a great deal of interest in autophagy, a process whereby a cell digests its constituents to generate energy and metabolic precursors under conditions of stress such as nutrient deprivation. Autophagy may serve as a mechanism for protection of the tumor cell from the effects of radiation and chemotherapy, but may also mediate tumor cell death in response to these challenges. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is also a fundamental characteristic of stem cells, including tumor stem cells. As tumor stem cells are likely to play a central role in tumor dormancy, it appears that autophagy could contribute to the capacity of tumor stem cells to survive for extended periods of time in a dormant state and eventually give rise to recurrent tumors that are primary determinants of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
Autophagy
Autophagy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Autophagy write by Xi Chen. This book was released on 2013-09-03. Autophagy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Autophagy is involved in the resistance against anticancer treatment. Both autophagy inhibitors and inducers have been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the effect of chemotherapy and irradiation in various anticancer regimes. Currently, autophagy inhibitors are being examined in clinical trials as an adjuvant for traditional therapies. However, caution must be exercised, considering the complexity of autophagy regulation in tumorigenesis and in development of therapeutic resistance. There is also evidence suggesting that targeting autophagy may not have the desired effects. We have found that cancer cells with long-term autophagy deficiency can evade the dependence on autophagy to survive. Furthermore, some tumors are intrinsically insensitive to autophagy manipulation. Although regulation of autophagy is a promising new addition to cancer therapy, careful evaluations must be exercised when applying this strategy in clinical practice on individual bases.
Autophagy and Senescence in Cancer Therapy
Autophagy and Senescence in Cancer Therapy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Autophagy and Senescence in Cancer Therapy write by . This book was released on 2021-04-13. Autophagy and Senescence in Cancer Therapy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 150, the latest release in this ongoing series, covers the relationship(s) between autophagy and senescence, how they are defined, and the influence of these cellular responses on tumor dormancy and disease recurrence. Specific sections in this new release include Autophagy and senescence, converging roles in pathophysiology, Cellular senescence and tumor promotion: role of the unfolded protein response, autophagy and senescence in cancer stem cells, Targeting the stress support network regulated by autophagy and senescence for cancer treatment, Autophagy and PTEN in DNA damage-induced senescence, mTOR as a senescence manipulation target: A forked road, and more. Addresses the relationship between autophagy and senescence in cancer therapy Covers autophagy and senescence in tumor dormancy Explores autophagy and senescence in disease recurrence
