Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century write by Koenraad Wolter Swart. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The French Monarchy was the dominant power of the seventeenth century. The French armies were victorious on most battlefields and French political institutions were introduced into many countries. Among enemies as well as among friends French literature was admired and French manners were imi~ tated. This glorious period of French history had its seamy aspects, however. 1) France's military triumphs and cultural achievements did not imply a sound political and social structure. One of the most outstanding political abuses was the sale of public offices (venalite des offices), which had become an official institution of the State. Almost all offices, civil as well as military, from the lowest to the highest, were publicly sold either by the officials or by the King himself. Sale of offices is not just another form of corruption. It had serious political implications because it placed power in the hands of officials who were often incapable and unreliable. The bureaucracy, one of the fundamental institutions of the absolute monarchy, was thus deprived of much of its strength. Sale of offices also influenced the social structure of the country because it only gave to wealthy people the opportunity to hold office and excluded other classes. Further, the creation of new offices added to the burden of the taxpayer and had a disas~ trous effect on France's financial system. Finally, the invest~ ment of a large part of the national wealth in unproductive goods affected unfavorably the economic activity of the country.
Sale of Offices in the 17th Century
Sale of Offices in the 17th Century - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Sale of Offices in the 17th Century write by Koenraad Wolter Swart. This book was released on 1949. Sale of Offices in the 17th Century available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Venality
Venality - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Venality write by William Doyle. This book was released on 1996. Venality available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In ancien régime France almost all posts of public respsonsibility had to be bought or inherited. In this book, one of the foremost historians of early modern Europe traces the evolution and development of this system.
The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century
The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century write by Bernard Bailyn. This book was released on 1955. The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Based on thesis--Harvard University. Includes bibliographical references.
Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England
Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England write by Randy Robertson. This book was released on 2015-10-20. Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Censorship profoundly affected early modern writing. Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England offers a detailed picture of early modern censorship and investigates the pressures that censorship exerted on seventeenth-century authors, printers, and publishers. In the 1600s, Britain witnessed a civil war, the judicial execution of a king, the restoration of his son, and an unremitting struggle among crown, parliament, and people for sovereignty and the right to define “liberty and property.” This battle, sometimes subtle, sometimes bloody, entailed a struggle for the control of language and representation. Robertson offers a richly detailed study of this “censorship contest” and of the craft that writers employed to outflank the licensers. He argues that for most parties, victory, not diplomacy or consensus, was the ultimate goal. This book differs from most recent works in analyzing both the mechanics of early modern censorship and the poetics that the licensing system produced—the forms and pressures of self-censorship. Among the issues that Robertson addresses in this book are the workings of the licensing machinery, the designs of art and obliquity under a regime of censorship, and the involutions of authorship attendant on anonymity.
