Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2009-07-30. Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. During the 1990s, a government program brought together environmental scientists and members of the intelligence community to consider how classified assets and data could be applied to further the understanding of environmental change. As part of the Medea program, collection of overhead classified imagery of sea ice at four sites around the Arctic basin was initiated in 1999, and two additional sites were added in 2005. Collection of images during the summer months at these six locations has continued until the present day. Several hundred unclassified images with a nominal resolution of 1 meter have been derived from the classified images collected at the 6 Arctic sites. To assist in the process of making the unclassified derived imagery more widely useful, the National Research Council reviewed the derived images and considered their potential uses for scientific research. In this book, we explore the importance of sea ice in the Arctic and illustrate the types of information-often unique in its detail-that the derived images could contribute to the scientific discussion.
National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces
National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2011-05-26. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response. The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas-all presented within the context of a changing climate.
The Global Cryosphere
The Global Cryosphere - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Global Cryosphere write by Roger G. Barry. This book was released on 2022-05-05. The Global Cryosphere available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A comprehensive account of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, including their past characteristics, and future states.
Advancing the Science of Climate Change
Advancing the Science of Climate Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Advancing the Science of Climate Change write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2011-01-10. Advancing the Science of Climate Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Monitoring Climate Change Impacts
Monitoring Climate Change Impacts - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Monitoring Climate Change Impacts write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2010-10-27. Monitoring Climate Change Impacts available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The stresses associated with climate change are expected to be felt keenly as human population grows to a projected 9 billion by the middle of this century, increasing the demand for resources and supporting infrastructure. Therefore, information to assess vulnerabilities to climate change is needed to support policies and investments designed to increase resilience in human and Earth systems. There are currently many observing systems that capture elements of how climate is changing, for example, direct measurements of atmospheric and ocean temperature. Although those measurements are essential for understanding the scale and nature of climate change, they do not necessarily provide information about the impacts of climate change on humans that are especially relevant for political and economic planning and decision making. Monitoring Climate Change Impacts tackles the challenge of developing an illustrative suite of indicators, measurements (and the locations around the globe where the measurements can be applied), and metrics that are important for understanding global climate change and providing insight into environmental sustainability. Eight panels provided input on: cryosphere, land-surface and terrestrial ecosystems, hydrology and water resources, atmosphere, human health and other dimensions, oceans (both physical and biological/chemical), and natural disasters. The book also provides an illustrative set of metrics that are likely to be affected by climate change over the next 20-25 years and, when taken together, can potentially give advance warning of climate-related changes to the human and environment systems.
