Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks and Hispanics in Metropolitan America - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks and Hispanics in Metropolitan America write by John R. Logan. This book was released on 2002. Separate and Unequal: The Neighborhood Gap for Blacks and Hispanics in Metropolitan America available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This study used data from the Census of Population 1990 and 2000 to investigate economic inequalities between racial and ethnic groups, particularly blacks and Hispanics. It examined people's household incomes and the quality of their neighborhoods. Non-Hispanic Blacks remained the lowest-income minority group, with household incomes only 63.7 percent as high as those of non-Hispanic Whites. Blacks had higher percentage growth in income than whites, but their disadvantage increased by more than $400 in absolute terms. Hispanics and Asians declined relative to Whites in both percentage and absolute terms. While Hispanics' household income was lower than Whites', Asians had an income advantage. Blacks had the greatest neighborhood gap, declining slightly as a proportion but increasing by about $1,000 in real terms. Blacks lived in neighborhoods with median incomes only about 70 percent as high as whites. High black-white segregation in the northeast and midwest accentuated neighborhood inequalities in those regions compared to the south and west. While the neighborhood gap was smaller for Hispanics than Blacks, it grew over time. Asians had a neighborhood advantage over Whites. The neighborhood gap was almost as high for economically successful group members. Disparities between neighborhoods for Blacks and Hispanics with incomes above $60,000 were almost as large as the overall disparities. (Contains 12 tables.) (SM).
Separate and Unequal
Separate and Unequal - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Separate and Unequal write by John R. Logan. This book was released on 2002. Separate and Unequal available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Based on data from the 1990 and 2000 Census of Population analyzed by the Mumford Center staff.
American Apartheid
American Apartheid - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook American Apartheid write by Douglas S. Massey. This book was released on 1993. American Apartheid available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.
The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2020-12-18. The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Despite the changing demographics of the nation and a growing appreciation for diversity and inclusion as drivers of excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, Black Americans are severely underrepresented in these fields. Racism and bias are significant reasons for this disparity, with detrimental implications on individuals, health care organizations, and the nation as a whole. The Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine was launched at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2019 to identify key levers, drivers, and disruptors in government, industry, health care, and higher education where actions can have the most impact on increasing the participation of Black men and Black women in science, medicine, and engineering. On April 16, 2020, the Roundtable convened a workshop to explore the context for their work; to surface key issues and questions that the Roundtable should address in its initial phase; and to reach key stakeholders and constituents. This proceedings provides a record of the workshop.
Communities in Action
Communities in Action - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Communities in Action write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2017-04-27. Communities in Action available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
