Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? write by Leandro Medina. This book was released on 2018-01-25. Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD
SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD write by LEANDRO; SCHNEIDER MEDINA (FRIEDRIC.). This book was released on . SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
The Shadow Economy
The Shadow Economy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Shadow Economy write by Friedrich Schneider. This book was released on 2013-02-14. The Shadow Economy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia
Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia write by Gorana Krstić. This book was released on 2015-04-21. Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The main objective of this book is to develop a strategy and policy measures to enhance the formalization of the shadow economy in order to improve the competitiveness of the economy and contribute to economic growth; it explores these issues with special reference to Serbia. The size and development of the shadow economy in Serbia and other Central and Eastern European countries are estimated using two different methods (the MIMIC method and household-tax-compliance method). Micro-estimates are based on a special survey of business entities in Serbia, which for the first time allows us to explore the shadow economy from the perspective of enterprises and entrepreneurs. The authors identify the types of shadow economy at work in business entities, the determinants of shadow economy participation, and the impact of competition from the informal sector on businesses. Readers will learn both about the potential fiscal effects of reducing the shadow economy to the levels observed in more developed countries and the effects that formalization of the shadow economy can have on economic growth.
Shadow Economies Around the World
Shadow Economies Around the World - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Shadow Economies Around the World write by Friedrich Schneider. This book was released on 1999. Shadow Economies Around the World available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
