Iraq - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Iraq write by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.. This book was released on 2021-02-11. Iraq available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health system’s limited capacity has been strained, while the fiscal position has become untenable as oil revenues declined sharply to a level that barely covers the government’s large wage and pension bills. Although the number of new infections declined recently, Iraq registered the second-highest COVID-related fatalities in the region, and the fiscal response to the pandemic has been one of the lowest. A six-month political paralysis preceding the formation of the government in May 2020 and plans to hold early parliamentary elections in mid-2021 have been weighing on political support for reforms. Risks of social unrest, geopolitical tensions, and insecurity remain elevated.
France
France - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook France write by International Monetary Fund. European Dept.. This book was released on 2016-07-12. France available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic recovery in France is solidifying. The economy is projected to expand by 1.5 percent in 2016, primarily driven by strong consumer spending. There are also signs of a cyclical recovery in investment, and the slump in residential construction appears to be bottoming out. By contrast, net exports are declining as demand from trading partners has slowed. Private sector job creation has remained lackluster, and the unemployment rate has hovered at about 10 percent. The government has continued to advance important reforms to help create the conditions for improved economic performance. As for budget policies, there are ongoing efforts to contain spending growth at all levels of government while easing taxes.
El Salvador
El Salvador - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook El Salvador write by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.. This book was released on 2020-04-16. El Salvador available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper discusses El Salvador’s IMF Staff report on Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RCI). This assistance is expected to help El Salvador direct funds swiftly to the country’s most affected sectors, including the healthcare system. El Salvador has adopted strict measures to prevent and contain the pandemic since early February—even before the first case was diagnosed—including travel restrictions, mandatory quarantine for exposed citizens, suspension of nonessential public and private sector operations, and a nationwide shelter-in-place order. The authorities’ emergency response also comprises measures to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic on the population, including through targeted cash transfers to vulnerable households and tax relief in the most affected economic sectors. IMF financing will help preserve fiscal space and catalyze significant funding from other multilateral institutions. The IMF continues to closely monitor El Salvador’s situation and stands ready to provide policy advice and further support as needed.
Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets
Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets write by Erich Streissler. This book was released on 2002-03-14. Exchange Rates and International Finance Markets available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this book, Streissler poses the important question of whether exchange rates are ultimately tied down by economic fundamentals. This is a wide-ranging study considering issues such as flexible exchange rates and interest parity.
Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden
Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden write by Mr.Alun H. Thomas. This book was released on 1997-12-01. Is the Exchange Rate a Shock Absorber? the Case of Sweden available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper uses a structural vector autoregression representation of the Mundell-Flemming model to analyze the determinants of movements in Sweden’s real exchange rate. It finds that, while (supply and demand) shocks account for over 60 percent of the forecast error variance, comparable to several Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries, demand shocks account for a higher fraction of these real shocks in Sweden than in those core countries. If real demand shocks result from controllable macroeconomic policies, the cost of relinquishing the exchange rate is no higher, and may be lower, for Sweden than for most core EMU countries.
