Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies write by Ian Parry. This book was released on 2021-09-24. Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates write by Mr.David Coady. This book was released on 2019-05-02. Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.
IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update
IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update write by Mr. Simon Black. This book was released on 2023-08-24. IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1 percent of GDP. Explicit subsidies (undercharging for supply costs) have more than doubled since 2020 but are still only 18 percent of the total subsidy, while nearly 60 percent is due to undercharging for global warming and local air pollution. Differences between efficient prices and retail fuel prices are large and pervasive, for example, 80 percent of global coal consumption was priced at below half of its efficient level in 2022. Full fossil fuel price reform would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to an estimated 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030 (in line with keeping global warming to 1.5-2oC), while raising revenues worth 3.6 percent of global GDP and preventing 1.6 million local air pollution deaths per year. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 170 countries.
Energy Subsidy Reform
Energy Subsidy Reform - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Energy Subsidy Reform write by Mr.Benedict J. Clements. This book was released on 2013-09-13. Energy Subsidy Reform available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change
Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change write by Laura Merrill. This book was released on 2015. Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
