The Arab World After 9/11 and the US Democratization Efforts - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Arab World After 9/11 and the US Democratization Efforts write by Girma Yohannes Iyassu Menelik. This book was released on 2009-10. The Arab World After 9/11 and the US Democratization Efforts available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, language: English, abstract: The alleged Al Qaeda attacks of November 9, 2001, have dramatically distorted the political environment between the Muslim and the Western world. Muslims live in a vast and diverse region that stretches from West Africa to the southern Philippines, as well as Muslim communities and Diaspora, scattered throughout the world. In the Muslim world, religion, politics, and culture are intertwined in complicated ways. This chapter is dedicated to dig-out and examine the dynamics that are driving changes in the political-religious landscape of the Muslim world, and to provide the global policymakers, the broader academic and security circle, with a general outline of events and recent trends, in the Islamic militia, that are most likely to affect U.S. interests and global security. In thus chapter, we can have an insight which ideological zeal Muslims in the Middle East and somewhere else seem to follow. They differ significantly not only in their religious views but also in their political and social orientation, in particular, women's rights and the content of education and their tendency for violence. Based on such political and religious analysis an exploration will be undertaken within the two main streams of Islam, first and foremost those between the Sunni and Shiia branches and between the Arab and the non-Arab Muslims straight ait down to sub-national communities, tribes, and clans However, after 9/11, the Bush Administration along with a bundle of strategies came out and advocated to democratize the Arab world. The main strategy and rationale behind the US government security interest in promoting freedom and democracy is to reduce anti-American terrorism. According to their calculus, the more democracy promoted in the Middle East the less terrorist attack on the US targets take place. Policy designer
More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World
More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World write by . This book was released on 2008. More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In 2003, President Bush lamented, "Sixty years of Western nations excusing and accommodating the lack of freedom in the Middle East did nothing to make us safe," transforming democracy promotion into a national security priority. According to this logic, America must promote democracy as an antidote to terrorism; democracy promotion could no longer be relegated to obscure bureaus of the U.S. government. After 9/11 revealed the threats posed by extremism emanating from the Middle East, the Bush administration no longer considered democracy in the Arab world a luxury. To be sure, the destabilizing events that have unfolded in Iraq and the broader region since 2003 have led to a backlash against democracy promotion in the Middle East, and to some extent, against the United States as well. Moreover, democracy promotion never secured a very high level of support or resources from the U.S. administration even at the height of its popularity. But given the prominent role of democracy promotion in the broader U.S. strategy for the Middle East, it is curious that so little research has empirically explored the relationship between democracy and terrorism. This study is an attempt to fill this gap, examining six Arab cases in depth. Rather than ask whether democracy can stop terrorism, the authors explore how liberalization processes can influence calculations regarding political violence in various domestic contexts (recognizing that there are no democracies, and arguably no genuine democratization processes, in the Arab world today). Has the introduction of political reforms into the Arab Middle East alleviated terrorism and violent extremism? If so, in what ways and under what conditions? If not, why? Can the reversal of reforms and a return to repressive policies increase the risk of terrorism over time? In short, what are the effects of liberalization processes on the resort to political violence in this critical area of the world?
Uncharted Journey
Uncharted Journey - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Uncharted Journey write by Thomas Carothers. This book was released on 2010-03. Uncharted Journey available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The United States faces no greater challenge today than successfully fulfilling its new ambition of helping bring about a democratic transformation of the Middle East. Uncharted Journey contributes a wealth of concise, illuminating insights on this subject, drawing on the contributors' deep knowledge of Arab politics and their substantial experience with democracy-building in other parts of the world. The essays in part one vividly dissect the state of Arab politics today, including an up-to-date examination of the political shock wave in the region produced by the invasion of Iraq. Part two and three set out a provocative exploration of the possible elements of a democracy promotion strategy for the region. The contributors identify potential false steps as well as a productive way forward, avoiding the twin shoals of either reflexive pessimism in the face of the daunting obstacles to Arab democratization or an unrealistic optimism that fails to take into account the region's political complexities. Contributors include Eva Bellin (Hunter College), Daniel Brumberg (Carnegie Endowment), Thomas Carothers (Carnegie Endowment), Michele Dunne (Georgetown University), Graham Fuller, Amy Hawthorne (Carnegie Endowment), Marina Ottaway (Carnegie Endowment), and Richard Youngs (Foreign Policy Centre).
More Freedom, Less Terror?
More Freedom, Less Terror? - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook More Freedom, Less Terror? write by Dalia Dassa Kaye. This book was released on 2008. More Freedom, Less Terror? available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the wake of September 11 through the U.S. invasion of Iraq, a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy has been that promoting democracy in the Arab world is an important strategy in reducing terrorism; at the same time, some policymakers and analysts have held that democracy has nothing to do with terrorism -- or even that the growth of democracy in the Middle East may exacerbate political violence. However, scant empirical evidence links democracy to terrorism, positively or negatively. This study examines whether such links exist by exploring the effects of liberalization processes on political violence in Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco from 1991 to 2006. Drawing on data on the incidence of terrorist violence, extensive fieldwork and interviews in each of the six countries, and primary and secondary literature from and about each country, Kaye et al. find that political reforms have, in some instances, helped to marginalize and undercut extremist actors, but that these effects tend to be short-lived if reforms fail to produce tangible results. Moreover, when regimes backtrack on even limited openings, the risks of instability and violence increase.
In Support of Arab Democracy
In Support of Arab Democracy - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook In Support of Arab Democracy write by Madeleine Korbel Albright. This book was released on 2005. In Support of Arab Democracy available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Bush administration's active promotion of democracy and freedom in the Middle East reflects a core component of Washington's new approach to the region. In the post-9/11 environment, domestic developments within Arab countries are a security concern for the United States. New awareness of the nexus between U.S. national security interests and the desire of many Arabs, if not their leaders, for political liberalization and economic reform has opened a window of opportunity for U.S. policy. While there is no doubt that internal political dynamics are creating pressure for change, the United States is also shaping events in the Middle East. The invasion of Iraq, demands for reform of Palestinian political institutions, calls for democracy in Egypt, and support for the Lebanese opposition have helped create momentum for change throughout the Arab world. In this timely report, a bipartisan group of experts examines the political, social, and economic dynamics of the Arab Middle East. They evaluate the effectiveness of current U.S. efforts to advance political and economic liberalization in the region; and they make a series of recommendations to U.S. policymakers on how best to support the change underway.
