The Dismantling of Historic Hungary - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Dismantling of Historic Hungary write by Ignác Romsics. This book was released on 2002. The Dismantling of Historic Hungary available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The controversial Treaty of Trianon of 1920 whereby Hungary lost one-third of its territory and population to Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia has been the focal point of Hungarian revisionism ever since its inception. This study clarifies both the character of the treaty and the bases of the controversy by reexamining the nationalities, conflicts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the war aims of World War I, the goals and decision sof the Paris Peace Conference, the terms of the Treaty and its execution.
Post-Communist Mafia State
Post-Communist Mafia State - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Post-Communist Mafia State write by B lint Magyar. This book was released on 2016-03-01. Post-Communist Mafia State available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Having won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections, the Hungarian political party Fidesz removed many of the institutional obstacles of exerting power. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. In a new approach the author characterizes the system as the ?organized over-world?, the ?state employing mafia methods? and the ?adopted political family', applying these categories not as metaphors but elements of a coherent conceptual framework. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are closely aligned with the interests of power and wealth concentrated in the hands of a small group of insiders. While the traditional mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of influence by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The innovative conceptual framework of the book is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules. ÿ
Karolyi & Bethlen
Karolyi & Bethlen - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Karolyi & Bethlen write by Bryan Cartledge. This book was released on 2009-06-01. Karolyi & Bethlen available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. White aster flowers, on sale on the streets of Budapest on the eve of All Souls' Day, are made the symbol of a revolution which brings Mihály Károlyi (1875-1955) to power at the head of a National Council. Károlyi concludes an armistice which leaves large areas of Hungarian territory under occupation by French, Romanian and Serbian forces. Following the King-Emperor's abdication in November 1918, Hungary is declared an independent republic with Károlyi as its President. He sets about meeting Hungary's most pressing social need, for land reform. But Károlyi's liberal regime is soon beset by strong opposition from the right and from the left. The Allies seal Károlyi's fate by refusing to end the economic blockade of Hungary and by imposing, even in advance of a peace settlement (Hungary is denied an invitation until the Conference is virtually over), even harsher armistice terms. Károlyi flinches from opposing these measures by force. The small socialist element in his government of well-meaning aristocrats defects and forms an alliance with Hungary's fledgling Communist Party. Károlyi resigns and chooses exile. The Communists, led by Bela Kun, take power. Kun raises a Red Army, which defeats a Czech invasion but fails to stem the Romanian advance, which enters Budapest in defiance of orders from Paris and engages in an orgy of pillage and destruction. The Peace Conference despatches a British diplomat, Sir George Clerk, to Budapest to broker a Romanian withdrawal. Clerk succeeds in forming a coalition government of right-wing parties, with token representation for the centre-left, which he recognises in the name of the Peace Conference and invites to send a delegation to Paris. It includes Counts István Bethlen (1874-1946) and Pál Teleki, both future prime ministers. The delegation is presented on arrival, on 6 January 1920, with the draft peace treaty for Hungary which the expert committees of the Conference have produced and which the Council has approved without amendment. The Hungarians are appalled to find that the treaty will deprive their country of two-thirds of her territory and over half of her population. The injustice of the Treaty will drive Hungary into the arms of Nazi Germany, a fatal alliance which will doom Hungary's Jews to annihilation and Hungary to defeat and destruction in the Second World War.
Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49
Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49 write by Csaba Bekes. This book was released on 2015-08-30. Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book compares the various aspects ? political, military economic ? of Soviet occupation in Austria, Hungary and Romania. Using documents found in Austrian, Hungarian, Romanian and Russian archives the authors argue that the nature of Soviet foreign policy has been misunderstood. Existing literature has focused on the Soviet foreign policy from a political perspective; when and why Stalin made the decision to introduce Bolshevik political systems in the Soviet sphere of influence. This book will show that the Soviet conquest of East-Central Europe had an imperial dimension as well and allowed the Soviet Union to use the territory it occupied as military and economic space. The final dimension of the book details the tragically human experiences of Soviet occupation: atrocities, rape, plundering and deportations.
The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle?
The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle? - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle? write by Zsuzsanna Varga. This book was released on 2020-11-09. The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle? available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book examines Soviet agriculture in post-1945 Hungary. It demonstrates how the agrarian lobby, a development following the 1956 revolution, led to contact with the West which allowed for the creation of an effective agricultural system. The author argues that this ‘Hungarian agricultural miracle,’ a hybrid of American technology and Soviet structures, was fundamental to the success of Hungarian collectivization.
