The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts write by Caroline A. Polgar. This book was released on 2013. The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenology of Plants and Insects of Massachusetts available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Abstract: Phenology, the timing of biological events, is a common metric used to measure the effect of climate change on ecosystems. Leaf out timing is a particularly important indicator because it is highly sensitive to temperature, represents a critical transition point of annual seasonality, and is an important driver of ecosystem processes. The mechanisms behind this have recently gained attention, and I wrote a literature review on the topic that surveyed what is known and identified topics that require further investigation (Chapter 1). In the next chapter, I focused on specific aspects of leaf out phenology using observation and experimentation. To examine the effects of climate change on leafing, I utilized historical records (1852-1860) and made observations (2009-2012) of leaf out in Concord, Massachusetts (Chapter 2). Leafing is now an average of 19 days earlier than in the past. Recently published studies suggest that the continued advance of leaf out is uncertain; with continued warming, unmet chilling requirements may lead to delays in leafing. To address this, I experimentally investigated chilling requirements of local species (Chapter 2). I compared the sensitivity of leaf out to spring temperature as measured by field observations, remotely sensed data, and experimental warming to determine differences resulting from these methods (Chapter 3). Earlier leaf out with warmer temperatures was found with all methods; however, leafing was more than twice as sensitive to temperature in the field study as under experimental warming, with remote sensing intermediate.To better understand the effects of climate change on ecosystems, we must obtain reliable information about multiple trophic levels. I examined the effects of temperature on the flight dates of ten species of Massachusetts butterflies (1895-2009) using both museum specimen records and citizen science data: the response of these species is similar to that of flowering and bee flight times and significantly greater than changes in bird arrival (Chapter 4). As long as investigators are aware of the limitations of each data source, historical data, remote sensing, experiments, and citizen science data are all effective tools for studying the effect of climate change on phenology.
Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
Ecological Impacts of Climate Change - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ecological Impacts of Climate Change write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2008-12-07. Ecological Impacts of Climate Change available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The world's climate is changing, and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many aspects of human society and the natural world. In this book, the National Research Council provides a broad overview of the ecological impacts of climate change, and a series of examples of impacts of different kinds. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet, designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan
Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan write by Abraham J. Miller-Rushing. This book was released on 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on the Phenology of Temperate Forest Plants and Birds in Massachusetts and Japan available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The timing of phenological events such as flowering and bird migrations is highly sensitive to changes in climate. Phenology affects many physiological, community, and ecosystem processes, but availability of long-term data is limited. I examined historical records of plant phenology in Massachusetts and Japan, beginning with observations made in the 1850s by Henry David Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts. By combining these records with my own observations and experiments, I found that flowering in Massachusetts shifted forward by approximately one day each decade over the past century because of warming temperatures. Importantly, these changes varied among species; some changed more, some less, and others did not change. Plants flowering early in the spring responded more to warming temperatures than did summer flowering plants. Records from Mt. Takao, Japan showed that early flowering cherry species and individual trees were the most responsive to warming temperatures. Experimental evidence showed that structural and physiological traits, such as xylem vessel diameter and inflorescence water content, might explain why some closely related species responded differently to climate change. Novel data sources such as photographs and herbarium specimens from Concord and the Arnold Arboretum showed changes in flowering times that were indistinguishable from changes indicated by conventional scientific observations.
Climate Change and World Agriculture
Climate Change and World Agriculture - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Climate Change and World Agriculture write by Martin L. Parry. This book was released on 2019-10-29. Climate Change and World Agriculture available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Originally published in 1990, this book analysed the sensitivity of the world food system and looked at the variety of ways in which it would be affected by climate change. It describes the effects of climate change on agriculture, estimates the impacts on plant and animal growth and looks at the geographical limits to different types of farming. It also considers the range of possible ways to adapt agriculture and so to mitigate the disastrous consequences of climate change.
Recent Advances in Entomological Research
Recent Advances in Entomological Research - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Recent Advances in Entomological Research write by Tong-Xian Liu. This book was released on 2011-12-18. Recent Advances in Entomological Research available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In recent years the field of entomology, due in part to the penetration of other disciplines, has made rapid progress. “Recent Advances in Entomological Research: From Molecular Biology to Pest Management” includes 25 chapters contributed by more than 40 distinguished entomologists and introduces the latest progress in entomology, from molecular biology, insect-plant interactions and insecticide toxicology, to emerging technologies in pest management. Not only is the book interesting and informative, but it provides useful, innovative research advances and will serve as a valuable resource for entomologists, zoologists, botanists and other researchers in the field of plant protection. Tong-Xian Liu is a professor of entomology at the College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, China. Le Kang is a professor of entomology at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
