The Extent of Restrictions on the Service of Active-component Military Women - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Extent of Restrictions on the Service of Active-component Military Women write by . This book was released on 2012. The Extent of Restrictions on the Service of Active-component Military Women available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Despite a historical increase in the role of women in the U.S. military, including in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, gender-based policies continue to affect the positions they can fill. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 mandated a review of laws, policies, and regulations that may restrict the service of military women to determine whether changes are needed to ensure equitable opportunity to compete and excel in the armed forces; in response, the U.S. Department of Defense established the Women in the Services Review. To support this effort, RAND researchers analyzed service data to describe and quantify the military occupations that are closed to women, as well as occupations that are open but have some positions that are closed to women. The study also examined a few of the open occupations in greater depth to further characterize the nature of the restrictions and to illuminate the potential career implications of assignment policies. Most positions that are closed to women are located in Army and Marine Corps units and occupations that have a primary mission of engaging in direct ground combat.
Military Women in the Department of Defense
Military Women in the Department of Defense - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Military Women in the Department of Defense write by . This book was released on 1986. Military Women in the Department of Defense available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Military women are performing their duty requirements with the same professional competence displayed by military men. Although this has been widely recognized for many years, only within the past decade have women been permanently integrated within the active/reserve component personnel inventories. The passage of Public Law 90-130, which repealed the ceiling on women, the creation of the all-volunteer forces, and the enactment of the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA), which repealed long standing provisions of law containing unwarranted distinctions with respect to women officers, fostered current Department of Defense policy on the utilization of women in military service. The differences among the Components reflect the impact of combat exclusion restrictions and the differing component missions. As can be seen, skills open to women range from approximately 98 percent for the Air Force to 80 percent in the Marine Corps. Actual positions open to women range from more than 95 percent in the Air Force to only 20 percent in the Marine Corps. In the Army and Navy women may be assigned to approximately 90 percent of the skills and more than half of the positions in those Components. For the total Department of Defense, almost 88 percent of the skills and more than 61 percent of the positions are open to women.
Women in Combat
Women in Combat - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Women in Combat write by Congressional Research Service. This book was released on 2017-01-09. Women in Combat available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Over the past two decades of conflict, women have served with valor and continue to serve on combat aircraft, naval vessels, and in support of ground combat operations. The expansion of roles for women in the Armed Forces has evolved since the early days of the military when women were restricted by law and policy from serving in certain occupations and units. Women have not been precluded by law from serving in any military unit or occupational specialty since 1993 when Congress repealed the remaining prohibitions on women serving on combatant aircraft and vessels. However, Department of Defense (DOD) policies have prevented women from being assigned to units below brigade level where the unit's primary mission was to engage directly in ground combat. This policy barred women from serving in infantry, artillery, armor, combat engineers, and special operations units of battalion size or smaller. On January 24, 2013, then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta rescinded the rule that restricted women from serving in combat units and directed the military departments and services to review their occupational standards and assignment policies and to make recommendations for opening all combat roles to women no later than January 1, 2016. On December 3, 2015, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter ordered the military to open all combat jobs to women with no exceptions. This most recent policy change followed extensive studies that were completed by the military departments and by the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) on issues such as unit cohesion, women's health, equipment, facilities modifications, propensity to serve, and international experiences with women in combat. These studies also included a review and validation of gender-neutral occupational standards for combat roles where such standards existed. On March 10, 2016, Secretary Carter announced that the Services' and SOCOM's implementation plans for the integration of women into direct ground combat roles were approved. Some concerns about the implementation of the new policy remain, including the recruitment, assignment, and career management of women into the new roles, and the impact of integration on unit readiness. Congress has oversight authority in these matters, and may also consider issues such as equal opportunity, equal responsibility (such as selective service registration), and the overall manpower needs of the military.
Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government
Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government write by United States Government Accountability Office. This book was released on 2019-03-24. Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.
Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society
Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society write by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This book was released on 2019-10-25. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation â€" their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families.
