The Forts & Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Central States - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Forts & Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Central States write by J. E. Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014-07-02. The Forts & Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Central States available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. “Extremely well written and presented and gives you every scrap of information you’ll ever need on cupolas, embrasures and cloches.”—War History Online After the Napoleonic Wars, the borders of Central Europe were redrawn and relative peace endured across the region, but the volatile politics of the late nineteenth century generated an atmosphere of fear and distrust, and it gave rise to a new era of fortress building, and this is the subject of this highly illustrated new study. The authors describe how defensive lines and structures on a massive scale were constructed along national frontiers to deter aggression. The Germans, Austro-Hungarians and Czechs all embarked on ambitious building programs. Artillery positions, barbed-wire networks, casemates, concrete bunkers, trench lines, observation posts all sprang up in a vain attempt to keep the peace and to delay the invader. The strategic thinking that gave rise to these defensive schemes is described in detail in this study, as is the planning, design and construction of the lines themselves. Their operational history in wartime, in particular during the Second World War, is a key element of the account. “A useful introduction for those wishing to develop a knowledge of fortifications and their impact on the conduct of war.”—Firetrench “The maps and plans, especially the plans, are numerous and extremely helpful. They show the arrangement of fortifications in a way that simple text would have found impossible. For those with an interest in European land fortifications of the 19th and 20th centuries, this book is an excellent general survey.”—The Coast Defense Journal
The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815- 1945: The Neutral States
The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815- 1945: The Neutral States - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815- 1945: The Neutral States write by J.E. Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014-10-30. The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815- 1945: The Neutral States available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. After the Napoleonic Wars the borders of Europe were redrawn and relative peace endured across the region, but the volatile politics of the late nineteenth century generated an atmosphere of fear and distrust, and it gave rise to a new era of fortress building. In the neutral states situated between France and Germany - The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland - the need for extensive fixed defences was particularly urgent, and this is the subject of this highly illustrated new study. The strategic thinking that gave rise to these defensive schemes is described in detail, as is the planning, design and construction of the lines themselves. Their operational history in wartime, in particular during the Second World War, is a key element of this expert account.
Forts and Fortifications of Europe
Forts and Fortifications of Europe - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Forts and Fortifications of Europe write by Joseph E. Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014. Forts and Fortifications of Europe available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Fortress Europe: From Stone to Steel Fortifications, 1850-1945
Fortress Europe: From Stone to Steel Fortifications, 1850-1945 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Fortress Europe: From Stone to Steel Fortifications, 1850-1945 write by J. E. Kaufmann. This book was released on 2022-05-30. Fortress Europe: From Stone to Steel Fortifications, 1850-1945 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A few of the fortifications and fortified lines of the world wars are well known and have often been written about, illustrated and studied. But they tend to distract attention from the wide range of fixed defenses constructed across Europe on an enormous scale after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, during a period of insecurity and aggression. That is why this new, highly illustrated study, which covers the entire continent, is so valuable. The authors examine the major fortified positions and describe their strategic purpose, their design and construction, and the role they played in military planning and operations.The outstanding contribution of the major military architects of the time is a key theme. The work of Séré de Rivières, Brialmont and others had a major influence on the course of the First World War and on the fortifications built before and during the Second World War. Their approach is visible in the designs for the Maginot Line, the East and West walls of Germany, the Vallo Alpino in Italy, the Soviet Stalin and Molotov lines, the Mannerheim and Salpa lines of Finland, the Greek Metaxas Line, the Benes Line of Czechoslovakia as well as the defenses built by the Dutch and Scandinavians.The breadth of the coverage, the degree of detail and the numerous illustrations make the book essential reading and reference for anyone who has a special interest in the world wars and the history of fortifications.
The Forts and Fortifications of Europe
The Forts and Fortifications of Europe - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Forts and Fortifications of Europe write by Joseph E. Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014. The Forts and Fortifications of Europe available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
