The Cerebral Circulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Cerebral Circulation write by Marilyn J. Cipolla. This book was released on 2016-07-28. The Cerebral Circulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain
Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain write by Marcus E. Raichle. This book was released on 2014-09-17. Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Modern brain imaging is revolutionizing the study of brain function in health and disease. However, few realize that its origins began in the nineteenth century with Dr. Angelo Mosso's pioneering experiments. A foremost Italian physiologist and scientist, Angelo Mosso studied several patients brought to him with head injuries that exposed their live brains to direct, long-term observation. He took advantage of these rare opportunities to document, for the first time, changes in cerebral blood flow in response to different stimuli, behaviors, and emotions, the very same changes that are now the basis for the measurements underlying modern functional brain imaging. Mosso was widely recognized by his contemporaries for his highly original studies, published both in Italian in 1878 and in German in 1881. Yet there has never been a translation through which this groundbreaking work could be appreciated by the English-speaking world. Indeed, Angelo Mosso's sophisticated experiments were to neuroscience what surgeon William Beaumont's in vivo observations were to gastric physiology fifty years earlier. This unique monograph establishes Mosso's rightful role as the pioneer of brain imaging. Through it, the modern reader, whether expert neuroscientist or interested student, can gain a new perspective on the author's remarkable insights: how behaviors as subtle as thinking about a subject or feeling an emotion produce the changes in pulsations of the brain that he observed and recorded for posterity. Special features of this volume include first a brief summary of Mosso's life. Two pioneers of modern brain imaging, Marcus E. Raichle (winner of the Kavli Prize for Neuroscience) and Gordon M. Shepherd (Yale University Professor of Neurobiology) then review Mosso's work and provide extensive commentary to explain its relevance to modern brain science. The authors not only emphasize Mosso's pioneering role in brain imaging, but also his fundamental contribution to the rise of cognitive neuroscience. The English translation (by historian of medicine Christiane Nockels Fabbri) follows, together with all of the plates and illustrations of the original volume. The result is a classic of neuroscience, now available for wide appreciation by neuroscientists, neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, historians of science and medicine, and the general public.
The Human Brain Circulation
The Human Brain Circulation - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Human Brain Circulation write by Rosemary D. Bevan. This book was released on 2012-12-06. The Human Brain Circulation available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Much of our knowledge of the cerebral circulation has been derived from studies of species other than human. There is increas ing recognition of species differences and concern that studies in animals may be misleading if unquestioningly applied to the human. A dramatic example of this occurred in the early his tory of the study of the circulation of the brain. Galen of Pergamo (131-201 AD) described a rete mirabile or "marvelous network" of blood vessels at the base of the human skull that he must have derived from observations of certain animals. This vascular structure was supplied by the carotid arteries which, after penetrating the cranium,"are divided into a large number of very small and thin branches in the region between the cranium and the dura matter. Then . . . intersecting one another they give the impression of having forgotten their way in the brain. But this is not the case. In fact, these numerous arteries rejoin and unite like the roots of a tree trunk. . . . " The authority of Galen's writings dominated scientific thought for about 1500 years. His description of a rete was unques tioned by Leonardo de Vinci, who included it in his anatomical sketches. William Harvey's remarkable observations led to his definitive account of the circulation of blood.
Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain
Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain write by Marcus E. Raichle. This book was released on 2014-09-17. Angelo Mosso's Circulation of Blood in the Human Brain available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Modern brain imaging is revolutionizing the study of brain function in health and disease. However, few realize that its origins began in the nineteenth century with Dr. Angelo Mosso's pioneering experiments. A foremost Italian physiologist and scientist, Angelo Mosso studied several patients brought to him with head injuries that exposed their live brains to direct, long-term observation. He took advantage of these rare opportunities to document, for the first time, changes in cerebral blood flow in response to different stimuli, behaviors, and emotions, the very same changes that are now the basis for the measurements underlying modern functional brain imaging. Mosso was widely recognized by his contemporaries for his highly original studies, published both in Italian in 1878 and in German in 1881. Yet there has never been a translation through which this groundbreaking work could be appreciated by the English-speaking world. Indeed, Angelo Mosso's sophisticated experiments were to neuroscience what surgeon William Beaumont's in vivo observations were to gastric physiology fifty years earlier. This unique monograph establishes Mosso's rightful role as the pioneer of brain imaging. Through it, the modern reader, whether expert neuroscientist or interested student, can gain a new perspective on the author's remarkable insights: how behaviors as subtle as thinking about a subject or feeling an emotion produce the changes in pulsations of the brain that he observed and recorded for posterity. Special features of this volume include first a brief summary of Mosso's life. Two pioneers of modern brain imaging, Marcus E. Raichle (winner of the Kavli Prize for Neuroscience) and Gordon M. Shepherd (Yale University Professor of Neurobiology) then review Mosso's work and provide extensive commentary to explain its relevance to modern brain science. The authors not only emphasize Mosso's pioneering role in brain imaging, but also his fundamental contribution to the rise of cognitive neuroscience. The English translation (by historian of medicine Christiane Nockels Fabbri) follows, together with all of the plates and illustrations of the original volume. The result is a classic of neuroscience, now available for wide appreciation by neuroscientists, neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, historians of science and medicine, and the general public.
Human Brainstem Vessels
Human Brainstem Vessels - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Human Brainstem Vessels write by Henri M. Duvernoy. This book was released on 2013-11-22. Human Brainstem Vessels available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. I am greatly pleased and honoured to have been invited by Professor HENRI DUVERNOY to contribute a foreword to this book, especially since I became aware of the magnitude of his researches upon the cerebral vessels only a few years ago. These researches have, in fact, been pursued for almost two decades, beginning with a study of the hypophyseal vessels in 1958. More recently he has published a monograph entitled "The Superficial Veins of the Human Brain", and those who know this book will have noted the succinct clarity of the descriptive text and the superb quality ofthe photographs with which this chef-d'oeuvre is illustrated. This outstanding contribution to intimate detail of the superficial vascularization of the brainstem is now complemented by a second volume on internal angio-architec ture. As before, the emphasis is upon direct photographic evidence, and again the photographs are of a quality which must be almost unsurpassable. Those who are familiar with the technique of vascular injection of the brain and of the diffi culties of micro-anatomical identification, will applaud the excellence of Professor DUVERNOY' s preparations. Even the smallest named nuclei and fasciculi of nerve fibres are displayed most effectively. From study of these details, in conjunction with other descriptions of brain stern vessels (to which Professor DUVERNOY has hirnself contributed much), the vascular supply and drainage of all the recognised entities in the brain stern can be deduced.
