The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500-1795 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500-1795 write by R. Butterwick. This book was released on 2001-06-26. The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500-1795 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is often considered an 'aberration' where monarchy was reduced by the nobility to impotence, and which was consequently partitioned. However, historians' reappraisal of monarchy in early modern Europe calls for a reconsideration of the extent of Polish-Lithuanian 'divergence'. The essays of this collection assess the institution and idea of monarchy in one of Europe's largest and most neglected states. It will appeal to all those interested in early modern history.
Gustavus v Wallenstein
Gustavus v Wallenstein - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Gustavus v Wallenstein write by John Pike. This book was released on 2024-02-29. Gustavus v Wallenstein available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Explore the epic conflict and contrasting leadership styles of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and Albrecht von Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland, two titanic figures in the Thirty Years War whose strategic brilliance and dramatic deaths shaped the course of modern warfare, analyzed in vivid detail by the author. The conflict, personal rivalry and contrast in personality, generalship and command, between the two iconic commanders in the Thirty Years War, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden for the Protestant powers, and Albrecht von Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland. More than just commanders at the tactical level they were statesmen, military organizers and strategists on a continental scale. Both commanders represented the 17th-century ‘military revolution in action’. The writing is vivid, graphic and detailed, without overloading, and readers can feel ‘involved’ in the action, from strategic planning to battlefield tactics, and even the melee. Both generals are titanic figures come, and their respective deaths - Gustavus heroically in battle and Wallenstein, murdered with the Emperor’s compliance – were dramatic highpoints in the long war. This is no hagiography, and the author analyses the contrasting reputations of two of the greatest military figures in modern history and analyses mistakes as well their triumphs. Both commanders’ understanding of the role of the modern state and finance as vital factors in the military revolution and modern warfare. A major contrast was Gustavus’s constant search for the tactical and strategic initiative compared to Wallenstein’s caution and patience and development of counter-punch defensive tactics. Exceptional for the period, a young warrior like an ‘Alexander’, Gustavus excelled in inspired battlefield leadership even at huge risk. Despite his death at Lutzen in 1632, he and his steadfast chancellor Oxenstierna, had decisively defeated the Emperor’s attempt to subjugate the Empire and introduce the Catholic counter-reformation. Gustavus contributed hugely to the ending of Habsburg supremacy while advancing new concepts in modern war. His death ushered in his acolytes including generals Baner, Saxe-Weimar and Torstensson. Gustavus or Wallenstein, the greater of the two? The reader must judge but Napoleon included Gustavus in his list of ten greats with Julius Caesar, Hannibal Barca, and Alexander the Great.
Why Did Europe Conquer the World?
Why Did Europe Conquer the World? - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Why Did Europe Conquer the World? write by Philip T. Hoffman. This book was released on 2017-01-24. Why Did Europe Conquer the World? available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The startling economic and political answers behind Europe's historical dominance Between 1492 and 1914, Europeans conquered 84 percent of the globe. But why did Europe establish global dominance, when for centuries the Chinese, Japanese, Ottomans, and South Asians were far more advanced? In Why Did Europe Conquer the World?, Philip Hoffman demonstrates that conventional explanations—such as geography, epidemic disease, and the Industrial Revolution—fail to provide answers. Arguing instead for the pivotal role of economic and political history, Hoffman shows that if certain variables had been different, Europe would have been eclipsed, and another power could have become master of the world. Hoffman sheds light on the two millennia of economic, political, and historical changes that set European states on a distinctive path of development, military rivalry, and war. This resulted in astonishingly rapid growth in Europe's military sector, and produced an insurmountable lead in gunpowder technology. The consequences determined which states established colonial empires or ran the slave trade, and even which economies were the first to industrialize. Debunking traditional arguments, Why Did Europe Conquer the World? reveals the startling reasons behind Europe's historic global supremacy.
The Dawn of Drug Safety
The Dawn of Drug Safety - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Dawn of Drug Safety write by M. D. B. Stephens. This book was released on 2010. The Dawn of Drug Safety available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This text looks at the safety of drugs from the beginning of time until 1961, including six marker drugs and the problems of 50 drugs subsequently withdrawn or restricted.
Cultural Severance and the Environment
Cultural Severance and the Environment - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Cultural Severance and the Environment write by Ian D. Rotherham. This book was released on 2013-05-23. Cultural Severance and the Environment available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This major book explores commons, lands and rights of usage in common, traditional and customary practices, and the cultural nature of ‘landscapes’. Importantly, it addresses now critical matters of ‘cultural severance’ and largely unrecognized impacts on biodiversity and human societies, and implications for conservation, sustainability, and local economies. The book takes major case studies and perspectives from around the world, to address contemporary issues and challenges from historical and ecological perspectives. The book developed from major international conferences and collaborations over around fifteen years, culminating ‘The End of Tradition?’ in Sheffield, UK, 2010. The chapters are from individuals who are both academic researchers and practitioners. These ideas are now influencing bodies like the EU, UNESCO, and FAO, with recognition by major organisations and stakeholders, of the critical state of the environment consequent on cultural severance.
