The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems write by Martin Schludi. This book was released on 2005. The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Offers an analysis of the political process involved in the reform of the pension systems in European countries.
The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems
The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems write by . This book was released on 2003. The Reform of Bismarckian Pension Systems available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Competing for the Exits
Competing for the Exits - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Competing for the Exits write by Takeshi Ito. This book was released on 2009. Competing for the Exits available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This paper analyzes a new trend in recent reforms of Bismarckian pension systems in Europe and Japan. It aims at revising the conventional argument that emphasizes the concertation between business and labor and at shedding a new light on the role of party politics in welfare states. In advanced democracies, the overhaul of pension system is one of the principle agendas of welfare and economic reforms. However, according to existing researches, fundamental reform is rare, if any, in Bismarckian pension systems because the very characteristics of the system (a pay-as-you-go scheme, highly occupational segmentation, and a high-replacement rate) create costly financial barriers and generate strong veto players against reform. Under such a condition in the era of welfare state retrenchment”, the only possiblity is step-by-step reform based on the blame-avoidance approach to gain consensus from many veto players. The result is piecemeal amendaments in pension finance and institutions, conducted through concertation among key interest groups, especially business and labor. Recent reforms in several countries (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Japan), however, do not fit into this line of argument. These countries have recently experienced large-scale, comprehensive reforms by unifying fragmented schemes into integrated, fully-funded schemes. Strikingly, these reforms were mostly government-led, and carried out without the consensus among major societal actors. The conventional argument on concertation cannot explain this change. To explain this development of pension reforms, this paper presents a new theoretical framework that focuses on a two-dimensinal consensus-gaining strategies for policymakers. Policymakers simultaneously try to obtain support from major interest groups (corporatist arena), on the one hand, and from political parties (electoral arena), on the other. The core of this argument is that policy makers in Bismarckian pension countries need not necesarrily compromise with interest groups to fend off their vetoes. They can also rely on the support from political parties to overcome their vetoes. They count on either of these two types of support, or sometimes mix them to implement pension reforms. This analysis clearly depicts the changing nature of recent reforms of Bismarckian pension system. The similarities and the differences found in case studies in terms of the mix of the two types of consensus-building have implications on the literature on varieties of capitalism in these countries. It also sheds a new light on the importancce party politics plays in institutional reform in a political system with multiple vetoes.
German Pension Reform
German Pension Reform - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook German Pension Reform write by Christina Benita Wilke. This book was released on 2009. German Pension Reform available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The German pension system was the first formal pension system in the world, designed by Bismarck nearly 120 years ago. It has been very successful in providing high and reliable pension levels at reasonable contribution rates. While the generosity of the German pension system is considered a great social achievement, negative incentive effects of past reforms in the 1970s and 1980s and population aging are threatening the very core of the system. This has led to fundamental pension reforms since 1992. Based on a detailed simulation model of the German pension system, this book provides a thorough assessment of the system and its reforms. It shows that the latest reforms have put the system back onto a stable path and moved it from the old monolithic towards a multi-pillar system.
Growing Old in Dignity
Growing Old in Dignity - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Growing Old in Dignity write by Eugen Stumpf. This book was released on 2011-11. Growing Old in Dignity available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Political Systems - Germany, grade: 1,0, University of applied sciences, Düsseldorf, course: Economics - MBA, Master of Business Administration, language: English, abstract: This paper surveys the situation of the German pension system after a sequence of reforms which started as a fully funded system implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s, with a mandatory retirement age of 70 years when male life expectancy at birth was less than 45 years. Today, life expectancy for men is more than 80 years. After a long and arduous debate in the German Bundestag, agreements on a comprehensive pension reform resulted in the pension reform of 1957, which mainly established changes such as the normal retirement age at 65, the retirement at the age of 60 for elderly unemployed, the retirement for women at the age of 60 and, at last, the introduction of dynamic benefits indexed to gross wages which had an immediate impact on the economic wellness of current retirees. Thereafter, the 1972 reform made the German pension system one of the most generous of the world, as it mainly opened the public pension insurance system to all workers with generous terms for back-payment of contributions and eased the terms and conditions for early retirement by the implementation of the so-called 'flexible retirement', as discussed in chapter 1 of this paper. The following pension reforms discussed in this paper are the "Riester reform" of 2001 with the following main objectives: the sustainability of contribution rates in order to secure the long-term stability of pension levels and the spread of supplementary private pension savings, and continuing with the efforts of the Rürup commission which culminated in the "Rürup reform" of 2004 which the objective to stabilize contribution rates while at the same time ensuring appropriate future pension levels. Based on the above, it can be concluded that on the whole the sequence o
