The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil write by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-05. The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. We document the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian labor market focusing on employment, wages and hours worked using the nationally representative household surveys PNAD-Continua and PNAD COVID. Sectors most susceptible to the shock because they are more contact-intensive and less teleworkable, such as construction, domestic services and hospitality, suffered large job losses and reductions in hours. Given low income workers experienced the largest decline in earnings, extreme poverty and the Gini coefficient based on labor income increased by around 9.2 and 5 percentage points, respectively, due to the immediate shock. The government’s broad based, temporary Emergency Aid transfer program more than offset the labor income losses for the bottom four deciles, however, such that poverty relative to the pre-COVID baseline fell. At a cost of around 4 percent of GDP in 2020 such support is not fiscally sustainable beyond the short-term and ended in late 2020. The challenge will be to avoid a sharp increase in poverty and inequality if the labor market does not pick up sufficiently fast in 2021.
COVID-19, Labor Market Shocks, Poverty in Brazil
COVID-19, Labor Market Shocks, Poverty in Brazil - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook COVID-19, Labor Market Shocks, Poverty in Brazil write by Fabio Cereda. This book was released on 2020. COVID-19, Labor Market Shocks, Poverty in Brazil available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this note we estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis on Brazilian families vis-a-vis labor shocks. The analysis, using a microsimulation model which incorporates subnational shocks from a computable general equilibrium growth model, shows that over 30 million workers in Brazil may see significant reductions in their labor income in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-thirds of these workers are informal workers or own-account workers, groups without access to unemployment protection. These household shocks would reduce average per capita income by 7.6 percent, with the largest impact on the second and third quintiles of the income distribution. These income shocks are inequality-increasing: without any mitigation measures, inequality would increase by 4 percent. The country's first line of defense, its existing unemployment insurance system, reduces the income shock to 5.3 percent. Even so, an additional 8.4 million Brazilians could fall into poverty. The policy responses announced by the government, and particularly the Auxilio Emergencial (AE) transfer, have the potential to fully absorb the labor income shock for the poorest 40 percent and reduce poverty. Yet, these results reflect annualized income, obscuring the sharp reduction in monthly income if demand shocks persist after the AE ends. Looking towards the next phase of the response, considering extensions of AE that are either less generous or more restricted provide a fiscally prudent approach for continuing to support Brazil's most vulnerable.
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Inequality
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Inequality - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Coronavirus Pandemic and Inequality write by Shirley Johnson-Lans. This book was released on 2023-03-31. The Coronavirus Pandemic and Inequality available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This book examines the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the degree of inequality in wellbeing (income and wealth, health, access to health care, employment, and education) in a number of different countries around the globe. The effect of socioeconomic inequality within a country on the outcome of the pandemic is also considered. This book studies the differential effects of Covid based on location, age, income, education, gender, race/ethnicity, and immigrant status. Special attention is devoted to indigenous populations and those who are institutionalized. The short- and long-term effects of public policy developed to deal with the pandemic’s fallout are studied, as are the effects of the pandemic on innovations in health care systems and likely extensions of public policy instituted during the pandemic to alleviate unemployment, poverty, and income inequality.
Unemployment and Poverty in Brazil
Unemployment and Poverty in Brazil - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Unemployment and Poverty in Brazil write by Neil Turner. This book was released on 2012-12-21. Unemployment and Poverty in Brazil available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, grade: none, , language: English, abstract: Brazil has been struggling with the challenges of unemployment, job inequality, insufficient income from labor and poverty for the past three decades. Although the 1990s and early 2000s showed some economic recovery, raising the expectations that living conditions would be better, conditions have improved very slowly and in some areas worsened. This paper seeks to present an overview of labor market performance in Brazil, how inequality interacts with insufficient income and more specifically its impact and relationship to poverty. It reviews policies and initiatives within a socio-economic context undertaken to address these concerns and the distributional impact of these issues. This paper will also provide analysis of labor trends relative to the challenges of working Brazilian families, issues related to the deterioration of employment conditions, and suggest improvements relative to Brazil’s social, economic and cultural transformation.
Brazil's Social Policy Response to Covid-19
Brazil's Social Policy Response to Covid-19 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Brazil's Social Policy Response to Covid-19 write by Elize Massard da Fonseca. This book was released on 2020. Brazil's Social Policy Response to Covid-19 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. During the pandemic, Brazil has provided its citizens with support in the areas of long-term care and disability, the labor market, social assistance, education, and pensions. This report focuses on two social policy areas, health-care and family benefits (including labor policies), as these were the most crucial social policies implemented in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of the resources allocated and the magnitude of social impact. Brazil's relatively generous social policies were uncoordinated with public health interventions, which contributed to poor compliance with these public health interventions. This suggests that social policy initiatives alone are insufficient in mitigating the social consequences of the pandemic. They need to be accompanied by and coordinated with public health measures, including regulations on testing, social distancing and mask wearing.
