The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 write by Dennis Kux. This book was released on 2001-06-05. The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The first comprehensive account of this roller coaster relationship, this book is a companion volume to Kux's Estranged Democracies, recently called "the definitive history of Pakistani-American relationsin the New York Times.
The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000
The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 write by Dennis Kux. This book was released on 2001-06-05. The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The first comprehensive account of this roller coaster relationship, this book is a companion volume to Kux's Estranged Democracies, recently called "the definitive history of Pakistani-American relationsin the New York Times.
Partition
Partition - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Partition write by Barney White-Spunner. This book was released on 2017-09. Partition available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The International Bestseller 'Barney White-Spunner's book stands out for its judicious and unsparing look at events from a British perspective.' Dominic Sandbrook, Sunday Times Review 'This book is at its most powerful in its month-by-month narrative of how Partition tore apart northern and eastern India, with the new state of Pakistan carved out of communities who had lived together for the past millennium.' Zareer Masani BBC History Magazine 'A highly readable account . . .' Times Literary Review Between January and August 1947 the conflicting political, religious and social tensions in India culminated in independence from Britain and the creation of Pakistan. Those months saw the end of ninety years of the British Raj, and the effective power of the Maharajahs, as the Congress Party established itself commanding a democratic government in Delhi. They also witnessed the rushed creation of Pakistan as a country in two halves whose capitals were two thousand kilometers apart. From September to December 1947 the euphoria surrounding the realization of the dream of independence dissipated into shame and incrimination; nearly 1 million people died and countless more lost their homes and their livelihoods as partition was realized. The events of those months would dictate the history of South Asia for the next seventy years, leading to three wars, countless acts of terrorism, polarization around the Cold War powers and to two nations with millions living in poverty spending disproportionate amounts on their military. The roots of much of the violence in the region today, and worldwide, are in the decisions taken that year. Not only were those decisions controversial but the people who made them were themselves to become some of the most enduring characters of the twentieth century. Gandhi and Nehru enjoyed almost saint like status in India, and still do, whilst Jinnah is lionized in Pakistan. The British cast, from Churchill to Attlee and Mountbatten, find their contribution praised and damned in equal measure. Yet it is not only the national players whose stories fascinate. Many of those ordinary people who witnessed the events of that year are still alive. Although most were, predictably, only children, there are still some in their late eighties and nineties who have a clear recollection of the excitement and the horror. Illustrating the story of 1947 with their experiences and what independence and partition meant to the farmers of the Punjab, those living in Lahore and Calcutta, or what it felt like to be a soldier in a divided and largely passive army, makes the story real. Partition will bring to life this terrible era for the Indian Sub Continent.
A Divergent Foreign Policy Alliance
A Divergent Foreign Policy Alliance - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook A Divergent Foreign Policy Alliance write by Syed Hussain Shaheed Soherwordi. This book was released on 2024. A Divergent Foreign Policy Alliance available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. "This book examines through the use of archives and oral evidence the role of the Pakistan Army in the context of Pakistan's foreign policy and domestic politics. Its main purpose is to explore the autonomy of the Pakistan Army in shaping national and foreign policy between the years 1947-1965. Focusing on its independent relationship with three instruments of policy-making in the United States - the Department of State, the White House and the Pentagon - the theory argues that the relationship between the Army and these policy-making bodies arose from a synergistic commonality of interests. The Americans needed a country, created in the name of Islam, on the periphery of the Soviet Union to contain Communism while the Pakistan Army needed US military support to check Indian regional military hegemonism in South Asia. This alliance was secured to the disadvantage of democratic political institutions of Pakistan while sowing the seeds of religious bigotry in politics. The Army, which became stronger as a result of US military and economic support, came progressively to dominate domestic politics. This led not only to weakened civilian governments in the period I am examining, but in 1958 to the military seizure of political control of the country itself. The infringement of the Army into civilian spheres of government further caused a deterioration in relations between East and West Pakistan. Religion, the foundation of the creation of country, failed to keep the two wings united. The increasing clout of a US-backed Army whose elite officers had a bias against the eastern wing of the country, the theory argues, thus indirectly resulted in the dismemberment of Pakistan itself. To explain the Army's ascendancy its transformation from British colonial army into a national political actor, is documented. The book explores the influence of the martial-race theory and of Punjabisation in the Army as it developed in the colonial era. Secondly, it reconstructs how provincial politics weakened the Federal Government and allowed the Army to usurp political power to a disproportionate degree. Thirdly, it considers the extent to which the US- Pakistan Army relationship influenced and even took precedence over decision-making within the government itself. It details the military pacts made between the two countries to contain the USSR in this period. Finally, it explores where and how the interests of the US and Pakistan Army diverged, in particular concerning their respective relations with India. The complications arising in Indo-Pakistan relations in consequence of an abrupt tilt of the US towards India after the Sino-Indian war in 1962 are also examined. In reaction to this new Indo-US nexus, it is argued the Pakistani military junta leaned towards China and in 1965 endeavoured to make use of it advanced, US-supplied weaponry before - as they saw it - the strategic balance was to be irrecoverably lost in favour of India. In conclusion, the book argues that the period under consideration saw a complete failure of the US policy of containing communism whilst at the same time avoiding war between its allies in the region, and that this had tragic consequences for the future of secular democracy in Pakistan"--
The Military & Politics in Pakistan, 1947-1997
The Military & Politics in Pakistan, 1947-1997 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Military & Politics in Pakistan, 1947-1997 write by Hasan Askari Rizvi. This book was released on 2000. The Military & Politics in Pakistan, 1947-1997 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
