Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere write by Heinrich Walter. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.
Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl
Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl write by Heinrich Walter. This book was released on 2002-08-07. Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Zonobiome, desert, Tundra, Taiga, laurel, ecosystem, grassland, climate, forest, tropical, woodlands, rain.
Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth
Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth write by Siegmar-Walter Breckle. This book was released on 2002. Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. This long-awaited fourth edition of the well-established textbook by Heinrich Walter summarizes our knowledge of the earth's ecology and constitutes the basis for a deeper understanding of the larger interrelations on a global scale. While Walter's general concept remains unchanged, the individual chapters have been completely revised, enlarged and updated. The author's intimate knowledge of practically all classes of plants and climatic zones allows him to describe the various ecological systems in close detail. This richly illustrated textbook is a must for every student in the plant sciences.
Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere
Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere write by Heinrich Walter. This book was released on 2013-06-29. Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere
Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere write by Heinrich Walter. This book was released on 2012-12-06. Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems. 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes The biosphere is the thin layer of the earth's surface to which the phenomena connected with living matter are confined. On land, this comprises the lowest layer of the atmosphere permanently inhabited by living organisms and into which plants extend, as well as the root-containing portion of the lithosphere, which we term the soil. Living organisms are also found in all bodies of water, to the very depths of the oceans. In a watery medium, however, cycling of material is achieved by means other than those on land, and the organisms (plankton) are so different that aquatic ecosystems have to be dealt with separately. The biosphere is therefore subdivided into (a) the geo-biosphere comprising terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) the hydro-biosphere, comprising aquatic ecosystems, which is the field of hydrobiologists (oceanographers and limnologists) . Our studies are confined to the geo-biosphere (Walter 1976), which constitutes the habitat of man and is, therefore, of special interest. The prevailing climate, being the primary independent factor in the environment, can be used as a basis for further subdivision of the geo-biosphere since the formation of soil and type of vegetation are dependent upon it (see p. 3), and it has not yet been substantially influenced by man.
