Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023 write by Lambrecht, Isabel. This book was released on 2023-09-29. Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In February-March 2023, 2,000 households were interviewed about their socio-economic conditions in twelve districts of Khatlon Province which constitute USAID’s Zone of Influence (ZOI). Based on these recent survey data as well as former survey data from 2015 and 2012, we present findings here related to changes in poverty over the past eight to ten years. Key findings - Housing conditions improved, indicating improved living conditions. Only 1 percent of households had improved sanitation in 2015, but nearly half (49 percent) of all households did so in 2023. - Fewer households experience hunger in 2023 than in 2015. Fewer households reported having had no food in the home at least once in the past month (40 percent in 2015 vs. 27 percent in 2023), and household hunger scores declined (from 0.667 in 2015 to 0.523 in 2023). - Expenditures on food increased, but these were used to purchase more expensive food rather than improving dietary quality. Consumption patterns mainly shifted towards more expensive sources of protein, i.e. the consumption of meat, chicken and fish. Consumption of other food groups, however, reduced. This led to a stagnation in diet diversity among women of which 30 percent have inadequate dietary diversity. Women have significantly worse dietary quality than men but household consumption patterns do show improvements over time. - Total consumption expenditures increased nearly ten percent (in real terms) between 2015 and 2023, which is also accompanied by a significant drop in poverty over that period, from 39.1 per-cent to 28.7 percent. - Movements of households in and out of poverty and fluctuations in household food security status between 2015 and 2023 suggest that a significant share of households are at risk of falling back into poverty in the face of adversity. - Correlates with consumption expenditures, poverty, and the prosperity gap demonstrate that households with more household members, with fewer livelihood sources, and in more remote locations are worse off. Households with more women are more likely to be poor given women’s limited income-generating opportunities. - Households that participated in agriculture development activities were approximately 12.7 per-cent more likely to move out of poverty than other households
Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik]
Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik] - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik] write by Lambrecht, Isabel. This book was released on 2023-12-20. Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik] available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan
Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan write by Takeshima, Hiroyuki. This book was released on 2024-04-09. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Nutrition-sensitive agricultural diversification continues to receive interest among developing country stakeholders as a viable option for achieving dual goals of poverty reduction and food/nutrition security improvements. Assessing the effectiveness of this strategy is also essential in countries like Tajikistan. We attempt to enrich the evidence base in this regard. We assess the linkages between household-level agricultural diversification and dietary diversity (both household- and individual-levels) using unique panel samples of households and individual women of reproductive ages in the Khatlon province. Using difference-in-difference propensity-score methods and panel fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions, we show that higher agricultural diversification together with greater overall production per worker and land at the household level leads to higher dietary diversity, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Typology analyses and crop-specific analyses suggest that vegetables, fruits, legumes/nuts/seeds, dairy products and eggs are particularly important commodities for which a farmer’s own production contributes to dietary diversity improvement. Furthermore, decomposition exercises within the subsistence farming framework suggest that nutritional returns and costs of agricultural diversification vary across households, and expected nutritional returns may be partly driving the adoption of agricultural diversification. In other words, households’ decisions to diversify agriculture may be partly driven by potential nutritional benefits associated with enhanced direct on-farm access to diverse food items rather than farm income growth alone. Our findings underscore the importance of supporting household farm diversification in Tajikistan to support improved nutrition intake, especially among those living in remote areas. In a low-income setting with limited local employment opportunities that is vulnerable to a wide range of external shocks, this will likely continue to be one of the most straightforward and realistic paths to improving household’s nutrition resilience.
Global food policy report 2024: Food systems for healthy diets and nutrition
Global food policy report 2024: Food systems for healthy diets and nutrition - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Global food policy report 2024: Food systems for healthy diets and nutrition write by International Food Policy Research Institute. This book was released on 2024-05-29. Global food policy report 2024: Food systems for healthy diets and nutrition available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Food systems and diets underpin many critical challenges to public health and environmental sustainability, including malnutrition, noncommunicable diseases, and climate change, but sustainable healthy diets have the unique potential to reshape the future for both human and planetary well-being. The 2024 Global Food Policy Report draws on recent evidence to examine the role of food systems in driving nutrition outcomes and opportunities for transforming food systems to ensure healthy diets for all. Chapters by IFPRI researchers and partners evaluate proven and innovative ways to sustainably improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, including ways to make healthy diets more affordable, accessible, and desirable, how to improve food environments, the role of both agricultural crops and animal-source foods, and governance for better diets and nutrition, all with a major focus on the most vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. Regional sections explore the diverse challenges countries face and promising policy responses for transforming food systems for sustainable healthy diets.
Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan
Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan write by Bloem, Jeffrey R.. This book was released on 2023-12-08. Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In places with few casual or salaried employment opportunities, investments in farm or non-farm assets may offer the main pathway to increased incomes locally, whereas others may seek alternative investment options elsewhere—as migrants. What factors, then, explain these investment choices? One theory suggests that aspirations that are ahead, but not too far ahead, of current levels provide the best incentive for promoting investment. If this theory holds, then estimates of the relationship between the aspirations gap and investment choices should take the form of a non-monotonic inverted U-shape. We test for such a relationship between the income aspirations gap and investments in migration, farm assets, and non-farm assets using data from a household survey in rural Tajikistan. We find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the income aspirations gap and measures of migration, with the strongest relationship found with international migration. Strikingly, we do not observe any association between the income aspirations gap and measures of investment in farm or non-farm assets. Exploring heterogeneity, we find that these results can vary by household poverty status and by the respondent’s gender. Investigating a possible mechanism, we find that the relationship between the income aspirations gap and migration seems to be driven by remittances, which outweigh migration costs and increase household income.
