Wellington and the Vitoria Campaign 1813 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Wellington and the Vitoria Campaign 1813 write by Carole Divall. This book was released on 2021-11-24. Wellington and the Vitoria Campaign 1813 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Over two hundred years ago, on 21 June 1813, just southwest of Vitoria in northern Spain, the British, Portuguese and Spanish army commanded by the Duke of Wellington confronted the French army of Napoleon’s brother Joseph. Hours later Wellington’s forces won an overwhelming victory and, after six years of bitter occupation, the French were ousted from Iberia. This is the critical battle that Carole Divall focuses on in this vivid, scholarly study of the last phase of the Peninsular War. The battle was the pivotal event of the 1813 campaign - it was fatal to French interests in Spain - but it is also significant because it demonstrated Wellington’s confidence in his allied army and in himself. The complexity of the manoeuvres he expected his men to carry out and the shrewd strategic planning that preceded the battle were quite remarkable. As well as giving a graphic close description of each stage of the battle, Carole Divall sets it in the wider scope of the Peninsular War. Through the graphic recollections of the men who were there – from commanders to the merest foot soldiers – she offers us a direct insight into the reality of combat during the Napoleonic Wars.
Vittoria 1813
Vittoria 1813 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Vittoria 1813 write by Ian Fletcher. This book was released on 2012-08-20. Vittoria 1813 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. A compact, fully-illustrated guide to a strategic British victory that forced the French troops out of occupied Spain. Despite Wellington's success against Marmont's army at Salamanca in July, the year of 1812 ended in bitter disappointment for the British. However, a year later Wellington's series of brilliant manoeuvres threw the French onto the defensive on all fronts, culminating in the final victory at Vittoria: 90,000 men and 90 guns attacking in four mutually supporting columns. The French centre gave way and both flanks were turned, their army finally breaking in flight towards Pamplona. Any French hopes of maintaining their position in the Peninsular were crushed forever. On 7 October the British set foot on the 'sacred soil' of' Napoleon's France.
Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14
Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14 - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14 write by Nick Lipscombe. This book was released on 2014-03-20. Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14 available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Bayonne and Toulouse 1813–14 describes Wellington's invasion of France culminating in the battle of Toulouse in 1814. The news of Wellington's momentous victory at Vitoria on 21 June 1813 reached London in early July. Celebration spawned an expectation of a rapid conclusion to events in the Peninsula. His Majesty's Government gave authority for Wellington to invade France and made noises and plans for the redeployment of the Peninsular Army in support of Russia and Prussia. Wellington, however, did not see things in quite the same way. His army was worn out and there remained sizeable French forces in Spain, so what followed had to be a carefully thought out and planned campaign. The invasion itself commenced with the daring Allied crossing of the Bidassoa estuary in early October 1813 and was followed by an operational pause prior to the Battle of Nivelle in November. The subsequent operations, which commenced early in 1814, provided the aftermath to the invasion and the conclusion to the Peninsular War. These actions focus primarily on the investment of Bayonne and the pursuit of Soult's army east, and include the battles and engagements at Garris, Orthez, Aire, Tarbes and the final showdown at Toulouse in April 1814.
Wellington: The Iron Duke (Text Only)
Wellington: The Iron Duke (Text Only) - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Wellington: The Iron Duke (Text Only) write by Richard Holmes. This book was released on 2012-06-28. Wellington: The Iron Duke (Text Only) available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In this compelling book, Richard Holmes tells the exhilarating story of the Duke of Wellington, Britain's greatest ever soldier.
The Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula
The Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook The Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula write by U. S. Military. This book was released on 2019-10-20. The Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. From April 1809 through June 1813 the Duke of Wellington, commander of the Anglo-Portuguese army, created a well-disciplined military organization, defended Portugal from two French invasions, and successfully ended French control of Spain. During the campaign, Wellington led a diverse coalition of forces from Great Britain, Portugal, and Spain with varying degree of skill, discipline, and morale against a powerful French army that had successfully subdued many other parts of Europe. Wellington's nineteenth-century campaign provides tremendous insight into the operational level of war, employing military forces by integrating ends, ways, means, and risk that linked tactical actions to strategic outcomes including protecting Portugal, ending Bonapartist control in Spain, and ending Napoleon's regime in France.Wellington's decisive victory at Vitoria on 22 June 1813 that liberated Spain was the culmination of a campaign that took over four years to orchestrate. In 1809 he commanded an army that was outnumbered, inadequately supplied, and consisted of Portuguese regiments that were poorly-led, ill-equipped, and unsuitable for major combat operations. French forces, composed of veterans from many successful campaigns, controlled a majority of Spain and portions of Portugal. Within four months Wellington had won two victories and ended the immediate French threat to his army and to Portugal. In late fall 1809 he transitioned to the strategic defense to deter the next invasion, attrite the stronger French forces, and bide for time to improve major deficiencies in his army. When Napoleon withdrew forces from Spain to participate in the French invasion of Russia, Wellington quickly transitioned to the offense and secured the border fortresses between Spain and Portugal before moving into Spain and liberating the capital, Madrid. He was unable to achieve his desired end state by the end of the year and in 1813 he orchestrated a brilliant maneuver that outflanked the remaining French forces in Spain and led to the decisive battle at Vitoria. Wellington's campaign demonstrates the effective application of operational art to achieve desired results even against an aggressive and stronger enemy. His ability to correctly determine the proper course of action through visualizing and understanding the operational environment aided in his skillful handling of the army during those four years. Viewing this nineteenth century campaign through the modern elements of operational art provide valuable lessons for operational artists today.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.The conditions in which Wellington won these victories makes his success even more impressive. Far from Great Britain, and reliant on the Royal Navy and local allies for logistical support, Wellington managed to build and maintain a field army that conducted meaningful operations. At the political level, the risks that Great Britain took to pursue this line of effort reveals how important Wellington's operations were in the strategic setting. Great Britain had been at war with Napoleon Bonaparte and his French empire continuously since 1803. Efforts by Britain to deploy expeditionary forces on the continent prior to 1809 produced lukewarm results and were not strategically decisive. Committing a sizable portion of the army to the Iberian Peninsula served several major objectives by the British government, but the risks were great. Wellington commanded the largest contingent of the British army in all the theaters of the war.
