Empires of Coal - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Empires of Coal write by Shellen Xiao Wu. This book was released on 2015-04-22. Empires of Coal available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. From 1868–1872, German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen went on an expedition to China. His reports on what he found there would transform Western interest in China from the land of porcelain and tea to a repository of immense coal reserves. By the 1890s, European and American powers and the Qing state and local elites battled for control over the rights to these valuable mineral deposits. As coal went from a useful commodity to the essential fuel of industrialization, this vast natural resource would prove integral to the struggle for political control of China. Geology served both as the handmaiden to European imperialism and the rallying point of Chinese resistance to Western encroachment. In the late nineteenth century both foreign powers and the Chinese viewed control over mineral resources as the key to modernization and industrialization. When the first China Geological Survey began work in the 1910s, conceptions of natural resources had already shifted, and the Qing state expanded its control over mining rights, setting the precedent for the subsequent Republican and People's Republic of China regimes. In Empires of Coal, Shellen Xiao Wu argues that the changes specific to the late Qing were part of global trends in the nineteenth century, when the rise of science and industrialization destabilized global systems and caused widespread unrest and the toppling of ruling regimes around the world.
Coal
Coal - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Coal write by National Research Council. This book was released on 2007-12-21. Coal available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Coal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements. Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization.
World Coal Resources
World Coal Resources - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook World Coal Resources write by Bernardo F. Grossling. This book was released on 1981. World Coal Resources available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle.
World Coal
World Coal - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook World Coal write by Richard L. Gordon. This book was released on 2010-06-24. World Coal available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. This 1987 book looks in detail at the production and consumption trends, the pattern of international trade, the coal market in the major regions, and at how public policy influenced the development of coal. It also examines the likely future trends, and draws conclusions for policy towards coal.
Future of Coal in India
Future of Coal in India - read free eBook in online reader or directly download on the web page. Select files or add your book in reader. Download and read online ebook Future of Coal in India write by Rahul Tongia, Anurag Sehgal, Puneet Kamboj. This book was released on 2020-09-15. Future of Coal in India available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Mark Twain observed, “I'm in favour of progress; it's change I don't like.” Coal dominates Indian energy because it’s available domestically and cheap (especially without a carbon tax). If the global focus is on the energy transition, how does India ensure a just transition? Managing winners and losers will be the single largest challenge for India’s energy policy. Coal is entrenched in a complex ecosystem. In some states, it’s amongst the largest contributors to state budgets. The Indian Railways, India’s largest civilian employer, is afloat because it overcharges coal to offset under-recovery from passengers. Coal India Limited, the public sector miner that produces 85% of domestic coal, is the world’s largest coal miner. But despite enormous reserves, India imports about a quarter of consumption. On the flip side, coal faces inevitable pressure from renewable energy, which is the cheapest option for new builds. However, there is significant coal-based power capacity already in place, some of which is underutilized, or even stranded. Low per-capita energy consumption means India must still grow its energy supply. Before India can phase out coal, it must first achieve a plateau of coal. How this happens cost-effectively and with least resistance isn’t just a technical or economic question, it depends on the political economy of coal and its alternatives. Some stakeholders want to kill coal. A wiser option may be to first clean it up, instead of wishing it away. Across 18 chapters, drawing from leading experts in the field, we examine all aspects of coal’s future in India. We find no easy answers, but attempt to combine the big picture with details, bringing them together to offer a range of policy options.
